Battery Fast Charging With Interleaved CV Stages for Heat Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fast charging techniques for batteries, such as CC-CV-CC-CV, reduce battery cycle life due to excessive temperature rise during charging, which limits the number of charge-discharge cycles before capacity degradation occurs.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a charging method that interleaves constant voltage (CV) stages within constant current (CC) stages to mitigate temperature rise, and using a temperature control loop to regulate the charging current, ensuring it stays within safe limits to prevent excessive heating.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional fast charging techniques (CC-CV-CC-CV) are used to reduce charging time, then charging speed is improved, but battery temperature rises excessively causing cycle life degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging speedVSAvoidbattery temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic interleaving of constant voltage (CV) charging stages between constant current (CC) charging stages. This periodic action allows the battery to rest and cool down temporarily during charging, preventing excessive temperature accumulation while maintaining overall fast charging performance. The CV stages act as periodic interruptions that reduce thermal stress on the battery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a temperature control loop that continuously monitors battery temperature and provides feedback to adjust charging current. When temperature approaches predefined thresholds, the system automatically reduces charging current or inserts CV stages to prevent overheating. This closed-loop feedback mechanism dynamically balances charging speed with temperature management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Loss of time

If high constant current is applied to achieve fast charging, then charging time is reduced, but battery capacity degradation accelerates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging timeVSAvoidbattery cycle life
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the charging process into multiple alternating CC and CV stages rather than using continuous high current. By dividing the charging timeline into discrete phases with different current profiles, the system achieves fast charging overall while preventing sustained high current exposure that causes capacity degradation. Each CC stage is followed by a CV stage that allows partial recovery.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The interleaved CC-CV charging pattern creates periodic variations in current application. The CV stages serve as periodic low-stress intervals that allow the battery chemistry to stabilize and reduce cumulative degradation effects, while the CC stages provide the high-speed charging needed to minimize total charging time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Productivity

If multiple CC-CV cycles are used to charge the battery, then charging speed improves, but the number of charge-discharge cycles before capacity degradation decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging efficiencyVSAvoidbattery operational lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The temperature control loop with predefined thresholds provides feedback-based modulation of charging parameters. When temperature approaches critical levels during CC-CV cycling, the system automatically inserts additional CV stages or reduces current, dynamically adjusting the charging profile to protect battery lifespan while maintaining efficient charging when conditions permit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically changes charging parameters (current magnitude, stage duration, number of interleaved CV stages) based on real-time battery conditions such as temperature and state of charge. This adaptive parameter adjustment optimizes the balance between charging efficiency and battery durability, modifying the CC-CV cycle characteristics to prevent degradation while maintaining fast charging performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces battery temperature rise while maintaining reasonable charging speed, thereby extending battery cycle life and ensuring efficient charging without significant increases in overall charge time.

Implementation Method 1

re-chargeable batteries... charging a battery... discharge cycles before a battery's capacity degrades

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reactions: Redox Reactions

Implementation Method 2

excessive temperature rise during charging... mitigate temperature rise... prevent excessive heating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4489252A1Fast battery charging
Publication Date: 2025.01.08 INTEL CORP
  • EP4489252A1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4489252A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4489252A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Some examples provide battery charging techniques that allow for reasonably fast charging while reducing charging temperature. In some examples, a target temperature limit is actively maintained through a control loop. In some examples, CC charge phases are interleaved with CV stages.