Battery Fast Charging Control Using dQ/dV Cell Voltage Profiles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fast charging schemes reduce battery durability, while slow charging is inconvenient, and existing technologies do not effectively manage battery charging to balance speed and durability, nor diagnose battery abnormalities.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method that control battery charging with constant currents and voltages based on a dQ/dV profile, monitoring cell voltages and adjusting charging characteristics to prevent phase transitions, and diagnose abnormalities by comparing dQ/dV profiles.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If fast charging is applied to rapidly charge the battery, then charging speed is improved, but battery durability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted based on the battery's state of charge and temperature. The controller implements multiple charging stages with varying current levels, transitioning from high current when the battery can accept it to lower current as the battery approaches full charge or when temperature limits are reached, thereby maintaining high charging speed while protecting battery durability
Solution Approach 2:
The charging parameters (current, voltage, power) are changed according to the battery's state. The controller modifies charging current based on temperature thresholds, state of charge levels, and battery health status, enabling the system to optimize charging speed at different stages while preventing durability degradation through parameter adjustment
2Reliability
If slow charging is applied to prevent battery durability deterioration, then battery durability is improved, but charging speed decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The charging process is divided into periodic stages with different current levels. The controller implements a multi-stage charging protocol that alternates between high-current phases (when battery can accept fast charge) and low-current phases (when protection is needed), achieving both fast charging capability and durability protection through periodic parameter adjustment
Solution Approach 2:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted based on the battery's state of charge and temperature. The controller implements multiple charging stages with varying current levels, transitioning from high current when the battery can accept it to lower current as the battery approaches full charge or when temperature limits are reached, thereby maintaining high charging speed while protecting battery durability
3Productivity
If constant high current is applied during fast charging, then charging speed is improved, but battery abnormality risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The controller continuously monitors battery parameters including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge, and uses this feedback to adjust the charging current in real-time. When abnormal conditions are detected (such as temperature exceeding thresholds or voltage deviations), the controller automatically reduces or stops charging current, enabling safe fast charging through closed-loop control
Solution Approach 2:
The system preemptively reduces charging current when approaching critical thresholds (temperature limits, state of charge thresholds, voltage limits) before battery damage can occur. This preventive approach allows the system to maintain high charging speed during safe operating ranges while preventing abnormality before it happens
Data Source
AI summary
In an apparatus for managing a battery and a method thereof, the apparatus includes an charger that charges the battery including two or more battery cells connected in series, and a processor that is configured to control the charger to charge the battery with a first constant current in response to a fast charging request for the battery, monitors one of voltages of the battery cells while fast charging is in progress, and is configured to control charging characteristics of the battery according to a section in a dQ/dV profile to which the cell voltage belongs.