Battery Charging Behavior Analysis for Lithium Plating Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing technologies struggle to quickly and non-destructively determine whether lithium precipitation occurs on the surface of a battery's negative electrode, which can lead to battery degradation, internal short circuits, and potential ignition or explosion.

Innovation Solution

A battery state estimating apparatus and method that analyzes voltage, current, and temperature changes during charging processes to detect abnormal behaviors indicative of lithium precipitation, allowing for rapid judgment and control of battery usage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If battery state is estimated using only terminal voltage and current, then the estimation process is simple, but the accuracy is insufficient under high-temperature conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery state estimation accuracyVSAvoidestimation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the battery temperature compensation process into multiple discrete temperature ranges (e.g., 0-10°C, 10-20°C, 20-30°C, 30-40°C, 40-50°C, 50-60°C), each with its own set of correction coefficients. This allows the system to maintain simplicity by using basic voltage and current measurements while improving accuracy through temperature-specific segmentation of the estimation algorithm.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameters used in state of charge estimation by introducing temperature-dependent correction coefficients (K1, K2, K3) that modify the relationship between terminal voltage, current, and actual state of charge. These parameters are adjusted based on measured temperature, allowing the system to adapt to high-temperature conditions without requiring complex additional sensors or algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If high-temperature effects are ignored, then the estimation algorithm remains simple, but the state of charge calculation becomes inaccurate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestate of charge calculation reliabilityVSAvoidalgorithm complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary action by pre-calculating and storing correction coefficients for different temperature ranges before actual battery operation. During runtime, the system only needs to measure temperature, select the appropriate coefficient set, and apply corrections to the basic voltage-current estimation, rather than performing complex real-time calculations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback by continuously measuring battery temperature and using this information to adjust the state of charge estimation through temperature-specific correction coefficients. The system monitors temperature changes and dynamically selects appropriate correction factors, creating a closed-loop compensation mechanism that improves reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If temperature-based correction is implemented, then estimation accuracy improves under varying temperatures, but computational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery state estimation precisionVSAvoidcomputational power requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by implementing temperature correction only when temperature deviations from the reference range are detected. Rather than continuously performing complex calculations, the system selectively applies correction coefficients based on measured temperature, reducing unnecessary computational overhead while maintaining precision when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP4350374B1Battery state estimating apparatus and method
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
  • EP4350374B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4350374B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4350374B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A battery state estimating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a measuring unit configured to measure a charging current, and voltage and temperature of a battery in a constant current charging process and a constant voltage charging process of the battery; and a control unit configured to judge whether an abnormal behavior occurs in the battery according to a behavior of at least one of the charging current, the voltage of the battery and the temperature of the battery in at least one of the constant current charging process and the constant voltage charging process, and determine whether lithium precipitation occurs in the battery based on the judged abnormal behavior of the battery.