Battery Charging System Dynamic PWM Frequency Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery charging systems lack precise voltage control of the battery itself, leading to reduced accuracy, increased charging time, and reduced capacity, and suffer from power losses due to PWM switching schemes, especially during low output current modes, which can prevent devices from meeting energy efficiency standards.
Innovation Solution
A battery charging system with a digital management core and energy saving circuit that regulates output voltage and current, employing multiple energy saving modes (ES0, ES1, ES2) by adjusting PWM switching frequency and terminating charging in ES2, to minimize power losses and improve efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If conventional PWM switching scheme is used in power conversion charger, then battery charging function is achieved, but power losses occur proportional to switching frequency and size
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic switching frequency adjustment where the PWM switching frequency is adaptively changed based on operating conditions. The system transitions between different switching frequencies to optimize power efficiency while maintaining adequate charging performance, directly addressing the contradiction between power losses and switching frequency.
2Loss of energy
If power conversion charger operates in low output current mode during system standby, then energy efficiency is improved, but unwanted power consumption and dissipation accumulate over extended periods
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic action by introducing sleep modes where the power conversion charger periodically shuts down or reduces operation during extended standby periods. The system alternates between active low-current mode and complete shutdown, preventing energy accumulation while maintaining readiness to resume charging when needed.
3Measurement precision
If voltage control is only implemented at common node of main system components and filter capacitor, then system simplicity is maintained, but battery voltage accuracy is reduced due to voltage drop across charging current path
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback control by measuring the actual battery voltage and using this information to adjust the charging voltage output. The system incorporates voltage sensing at the battery terminals and uses feedback signals to compensate for voltage drops across the charging current path, achieving accurate battery voltage control without requiring complete redesign of the control architecture.
4Reliability
If typical PWM switching scheme with fixed frequency is used, then consistent switching performance is achieved, but energy efficiency standards cannot be met under light load conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic switching frequency adjustment where the PWM switching frequency is adaptively changed based on operating conditions. The system transitions between different switching frequencies to optimize power efficiency while maintaining adequate charging performance, directly addressing the contradiction between power losses and switching frequency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the switching frequency parameter dynamically based on load conditions and charging stage. By adjusting this critical parameter, the system achieves both consistent performance through controlled transitions and improved energy efficiency under varying load conditions, enabling compliance with energy efficiency standards.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves enhanced battery charging voltage precision, reduced charging times, and improved power efficiency, ensuring compliance with energy efficiency standards by dynamically managing charging modes and reducing power consumption.
Implementation Method 1
a power conversion charger for converting AC power to direct current (DC) power
Implementation Method 2
a filter capacitor
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods of implementing battery charging and energy saving systems in computers, computerized devices, medical devices, industrial devices, wearable devices, wireless charging devices, or any other suitable battery-operable devices. The systems and methods can control output voltages of battery charging systems during multiple charging/discharging periods, including a pre-charging period, a current-controlled charging period, a voltage-controlled charging period, a discharging period, as well as an additional period during which battery packs are removed or otherwise absent from the battery-operable devices or testing is being performed. The systems and methods also provide multiple energy saving modes for the battery-operable devices, allowing transitions between the respective energy saving modes both during operation of the battery-operable devices and during charging of the battery packs within the battery-operable devices.