Decentralized Battery Control Architecture for Master Workload Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery system protection mechanisms overburden the master control unit with centralized calculation workloads, leading to inefficiencies in detecting and addressing abnormalities, which can result in potential damage to the battery system.
Innovation Solution
A decentralized battery system architecture where slave control units measure and determine physical parameters of each cell, reducing the workload of the master control unit by performing most calculations, and allowing it to focus on verification and switching operations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If centralized calculation is performed by the master control unit, then the protection mechanism can be activated immediately when abnormalities are detected, but the master control unit experiences heavy calculation workload
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the control system into a master control unit and multiple slave control units. Each slave control unit is responsible for monitoring specific battery cells or groups, performing local calculations and initial assessments. The master control unit receives processed information from slave units and makes final protection decisions. This segmentation distributes the calculation workload from the master unit to multiple slave units, reducing its burden while maintaining comprehensive monitoring coverage.
2Ease of operation
If the master control unit handles all detection and determination tasks, then centralized control is simplified, but the system efficiency decreases due to the master control unit's heavy workload
Solution Approach 1:
The control functions are segmented between master and slave units. Slave control units independently perform detection, measurement, and preliminary determination of abnormalities in their assigned battery cells. This allows parallel processing of multiple battery parameters simultaneously, significantly improving system efficiency while maintaining centralized coordination through the master unit for final protection decisions.
Solution Approach 2:
Slave control units act as intermediaries between the battery cells and the master control unit. They collect raw data from sensors, perform initial processing and analysis, then transmit processed information to the master unit. This intermediary layer reduces the data processing burden on the master unit while ensuring efficient utilization of detection resources across the entire battery system.
3Device complexity
If all calculations are centralized in the master control unit, then system architecture is simplified, but response time to detect and address abnormalities increases
Solution Approach 1:
The monitoring system is segmented into distributed slave control units that independently monitor specific battery cells. Each slave unit can detect abnormalities in its assigned cells immediately and locally process the data without waiting for centralized master unit analysis. This parallel distributed architecture reduces detection time while the simplified communication protocol between slave and master units maintains architectural simplicity.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system includes several unit battery groups, a main switch, a current measuring unit, several slave control units and a master control unit. Each unit battery group includes several cells. The main switch and the current measuring unit are serially connected to the unit battery groups. The current measuring unit measures a measured system current value of the unit battery groups. The slave control units are electrically connected to the unit battery groups respectively. Each slave control unit measures a physical parameter value of each cell in each unit battery group. The master control unit communicates with the slave control units to: disconnect the main switch when the abnormality determined according to the physical parameter value or the measured system current value pertains to system abnormality; and, perform a processing procedure for detection abnormality when the abnormality pertains to detection abnormality.