Lithium Secondary Battery Discharge Control for Silicon Anodes

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing lithium secondary batteries using silicon-based negative electrode active materials face issues with rapid volume expansion during charging, leading to disconnection of conductive paths and reduced cycle life, especially when using a full profile of the negative electrode.

Innovation Solution

Control the depth of discharge of the negative electrode to be between 0 V and 1.5 V (vs Li/Li+) and maintain a residual negative electrode capacity of 2.5% or greater, with a cut-off potential lower than the discharge potential, avoiding the full profile of the negative electrode.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If silicon-based compound is used as negative electrode active material to increase capacity, then discharge capacity is improved, but volume expansion occurs during charging leading to conductive path disconnection and capacity deterioration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedischarge capacityVSAvoidconductive path connectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A thin film coating layer is applied on the surface of silicon-based particles to suppress volume expansion and prevent conductive path disconnection during charging-discharging cycles, thereby maintaining reliability while preserving high discharge capacity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

Silicon-based compounds are combined with other materials (such as carbon materials or oxides) to form composite structures that suppress volume expansion and maintain conductive paths, enabling both high capacity and reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If full profile of negative electrode is used to ensure no residual negative electrode remains, then capacity utilization is improved, but life performance deteriorates due to volume expansion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapacity utilizationVSAvoidcycle life
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using the full profile of the negative electrode, a controlled partial utilization approach is adopted by setting specific discharge potential ranges (e.g., 0.01 V to 1.5 V vs. Li/Li+), which prevents excessive volume expansion while maintaining sufficient capacity utilization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The discharge potential parameters are optimized and controlled within specific ranges to balance capacity utilization and cycle life, preventing the harmful effects of full profile usage while maximizing battery performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Quantity of substance

If silicon-based compound with high capacity is used, then initial capacity is improved, but surface degradation accelerates during repeated charging and discharging cycles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinitial capacityVSAvoidsurface stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A protective thin film coating is applied on silicon-based particles to suppress surface degradation during repeated charging-discharging cycles, maintaining both high initial capacity and long-term surface stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The thin film coating acts as a protective barrier that cushions the silicon-based particles against mechanical stress and chemical degradation before surface damage can occur, preserving surface integrity throughout the battery lifecycle

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach improves the life characteristics of the lithium secondary battery by maintaining a residual negative electrode capacity within a specific range, enhancing the battery's performance and cycle life without using the full profile of the negative electrode.

Implementation Method 1

The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material for intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions coming out from the positive electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntercalation and deintercalation:

Data Source

PatentEP4645498A1Lithium secondary battery
Publication Date: 2025.11.05 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
  • EP4645498A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4645498A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4645498A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present application relates to a lithium secondary battery.