Battery Management Using Electrode Potential Estimation

The patent creates a simplified virtual model (copy) of the battery system that replicates essential electrochemical behaviors without requiring full computational complexity. This virtual battery model allows electrode potential estimation through lightweight calculations while maintaining sufficient accuracy for control applications, thereby reducing computational resource consumption significantly.

The patent transforms the estimation problem by changing parameters from estimating absolute electrode potentials to estimating potential differences and using lookup tables with pre-computed values. This parameter transformation reduces the computational complexity from solving complex differential equations to simple table lookups and arithmetic operations, achieving low resource consumption while maintaining estimation accuracy.

The patent segments the battery system into independent virtual cells, each with its own simplified model. This segmentation allows stable, localized estimation for each cell without the compounding instability that occurs in complex full-system models. Each segment can be processed independently with guaranteed numerical stability.

The patent uses inexpensive, computationally trivial estimation methods (lookup tables, simple arithmetic) instead of expensive complex models. These simple estimation methods are numerically stable by design and do not suffer from the convergence and stability issues that plague complex computational models, providing reliable long-term operation.

The patent uses simplified virtual models that copy only the essential behaviors needed for estimation rather than replicating the full physical complexity. This selective copying reduces parameterisation requirements from dozens of complex parameters to a few key parameters that can be easily obtained from standard battery specifications.

The patent creates a universal estimation framework that works across different battery types and conditions using the same core methodology. The virtual battery model and lookup table approach provides multi-functional capability, handling various battery chemistries, temperature conditions, and operating regimes without requiring type-specific complex parameterisation for each case.