Lithium Battery Electrolyte Additives for Overcharge Heat Suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Rechargeable lithium batteries face safety concerns due to rapid heat generation and gas production under overcharging and high temperature exposure conditions, which can lead to cell explosions.
Innovation Solution
An electrolyte solution for rechargeable lithium batteries is developed, comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive that includes a sulfoxide-based compound and a nitrile-based compound with three or more cyano groups, which enhances the battery's stability and safety under overcharge and heat exposure conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional electrolyte solutions are used, then high ionic conductivity is achieved, but safety deteriorates under overcharging and high temperature conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing specific additives (sulfoxide compound and nitrile-based compound with three or more cyano groups) to change the thermal and electrochemical properties of the system, thereby improving safety without sacrificing ionic conductivity
Solution Approach 2:
The electrolyte is formulated as a composite system combining multiple components: non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salt, sulfoxide-based compound, and nitrile-based compound. This composite approach allows the electrolyte to exhibit both high ionic conductivity and enhanced safety characteristics under extreme conditions
2Reliability
If the electrolyte solution includes organic solvents and lithium salts for high ionic conductivity, then performance is improved, but thermal stability deteriorates under heat exposure
Solution Approach 1:
The sulfoxide-based compound and nitrile-based compound act as intermediary substances that mediate between the lithium ions and the organic solvent, forming protective complexes that reduce direct thermal interactions and lower the heating temperature under overcharge conditions
Solution Approach 2:
By adding specific compounds with high thermal stability, the patent changes the thermal parameters of the electrolyte system, raising the decomposition temperature and reducing the rate of heat generation under thermal stress
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed electrolyte solution effectively reduces the heating temperature under overcharge conditions and improves the safety of the battery under heat exposure, preventing thermal runaway and cell explosions.
Implementation Method 1
the electrolyte solution plays a role in transferring lithium ions, and can exhibit significantly higher ionic conductivity by including organic solvents and lithium salts
Implementation Method 2
generate electrical energy through oxidation and reduction reactions when lithium ions are intercalated and deintercalated from the positive electrode and the negative electrode
Data Source
AI summary
The electrolyte solution for a rechargeable lithium battery according to some example embodiments includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a first compound and a second compound which is or includes a nitrile-based compound containing three or more cyano groups.