Battery Emergency Mitigation Levels for Thermal Runaway Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery management systems fail to effectively mitigate emergency conditions in electric vehicle batteries based on the severity of the event, often leading to thermal runaway and combustion due to inadequate response strategies.
Innovation Solution
A multi-level mitigation system that utilizes internal and external sensing elements to determine the severity of battery conditions, employing non-destructive and destructive actions such as disconnecting power, isolating the battery from oxygen, and injecting polymer resins to neutralize hazardous situations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a single mitigation action is used for all battery emergencies, then the system is simple to operate, but it cannot effectively respond to different severity levels leading to thermal runaway
Solution Approach 1:
The mitigation system is segmented into multiple levels (first level non-destructive, second level destructive) with different actions tailored to different severity levels of battery emergencies. The controller selects appropriate mitigation actions based on detected parameters, dividing the response strategy into distinct segments rather than using a single uniform approach.
Solution Approach 2:
The mitigation system dynamically adjusts its response based on real-time detection of battery conditions. The controller continuously monitors parameters and selects mitigation actions that adapt to the current severity level, making the system flexible and dynamic rather than static and fixed.
2Reliability
If destructive mitigation actions are always used, then thermal runaway is prevented, but battery damage is maximized
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies preliminary non-destructive mitigation actions (first level) such as disconnecting power or isolating the battery before destructive measures are needed. This preliminary action prevents thermal runaway in less severe cases while preserving the battery, and only escalates to destructive actions if necessary.
Solution Approach 2:
Non-destructive mitigation actions are performed in advance as a first line of defense. The controller attempts these less invasive actions first, and only proceeds to destructive actions if the preliminary non-destructive measures fail to prevent thermal runaway.
3Loss of substance
If non-destructive mitigation actions are always used, then battery damage is minimized, but thermal runaway cannot be prevented in severe cases
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically transitions from non-destructive to destructive mitigation actions based on the severity of the emergency. The controller monitors battery parameters and escalates the mitigation strategy when non-destructive actions are insufficient, making the approach adaptive rather than fixed.
Solution Approach 2:
The mitigation strategy is segmented into two levels: non-destructive actions for less severe cases and destructive actions for severe cases. This segmentation allows the system to preserve the battery when possible while ensuring thermal runaway prevention when necessary.
4Measurement precision
If multiple sensing elements are deployed, then detection precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The sensing elements serve multiple functions: detecting temperature, voltage, current, and other parameters that indicate both normal operation and emergency conditions. This multi-functionality allows precise detection of battery state without requiring separate specialized sensors for each parameter.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively neutralizes battery hazards by selecting appropriate mitigation actions, preventing thermal runaway and combustion while minimizing damage to the battery system.
Implementation Method 1
the first polymer material interacts with the second polymer material in the battery wall cavity and prevents the interior battery compartment from receiving oxygen
Implementation Method 2
the first polymer material interacts with the second polymer material in the interior battery compartment and prevents one or more components of the interior battery compartment from receiving oxygen
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management system, method, and computer program for mitigating a battery condition, according to a multi-level mitigation system and based on the severity of the battery condition, is provided. An example battery management system may include a battery with a battery housing defining an interior battery compartment, one or more battery cells disposed within the interior battery compartment, and one or more internal sensing elements attached to the battery housing within the interior battery compartment. The battery management system may further include a controller in electrical communication with the one or more internal sensing elements. In addition, the controller of the battery management system may select between a plurality of mitigating actions based at least in part on a battery condition. The plurality of mitigating actions available to the controller may include at least a non-destructive mitigating action and a destructive mitigating action.