Battery Explosion Prevention via Electromagnetic Electrolyte Discharge
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium secondary battery packs in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles face a risk of explosion due to heat generation and increased internal pressure, as existing methods to prevent temperature increases, such as cutting off power, may not fully mitigate the risk of explosion.
Innovation Solution
A battery explosion prevention apparatus that includes a battery holder with electromagnets and a movable frame with punching needles, which discharges the electrolyte from the secondary battery cells when the temperature exceeds a set critical temperature, using a protection circuit module to operate the electromagnets and move the frame to puncture the cells and release the electrolyte.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If power is cut off to prevent temperature increase, then temperature rise is prevented, but the battery pack still risks explosion due to residual heat
Solution Approach 1:
The punching needle is pre-positioned in the movable frame, ready to puncture the battery cell membrane immediately when the frame moves. This preliminary preparation enables instantaneous electrolyte discharge before the residual heat can cause explosion, resolving the contradiction between temperature control and explosion prevention reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The electrolyte is extracted from the battery cell through puncture by the punching needle. By removing the electrolyte that is generating heat through electrochemical reactions, the system eliminates the source of further temperature increase, thereby preventing explosion while addressing the limitation of simple power cutoff
2Temperature
If punching needle is used to discharge electrolyte, then temperature is instantaneously reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The electromagnet replaces complex mechanical actuation systems to move the movable frame. By using electromagnetic force instead of motors, linkages, or pneumatic systems, the patent achieves rapid frame movement with simpler components, reducing overall device complexity while maintaining the temperature reduction effect
Solution Approach 2:
The movable frame serves multiple functions: it holds the punching needle, moves to puncture the cell, and potentially resets for repeated operation. The electromagnet provides both the driving force and the control mechanism. This multi-functionality reduces the number of separate components needed, thereby reducing device complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus effectively prevents battery pack explosions by instantaneously reducing temperature through electrolyte discharge, addressing the fundamental cause of heat generation and reducing the risk of explosion by actively managing temperature.
Implementation Method 1
The battery holder may attract the movable frame by magnetic force due to an operation of the electromagnets.
Implementation Method 2
the punching needle is directed to a center of the bottom surface of the secondary battery cells... the punching needle may punch a bottom surface of each of the secondary battery cells... to discharge an electrolyte within the secondary battery cell
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a battery explosion prevention apparatus including a battery holder which is installed and fixed to a circumference of a battery module constituted by a plurality of secondary battery cells and on which at least one or more electromagnets are disposed on a lower portion thereof at a predetermined interval and a movable frame which has an opened one side to provide an insertion space into which the battery module is inserted and on which a plurality of punching needles are disposed on a bottom surface of the insertion space, and a battery pack including the battery module.