Battery Management for Fast Charging Without Lithium Plating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium plating occurs during fast charging of lithium-ion batteries, leading to degradation and performance issues despite existing electrode designs and charging protocols.

Innovation Solution

A battery managing system determines a target charging value based on internal temperature, electromotive force, state of charge, and rest time to control current or power, using a reduction coefficient to minimize lithium plating.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If fast charge protocol is used to reduce charging duration, then charging speed is improved, but lithium plating occurs causing battery degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging speedVSAvoidbattery degradation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The battery management system performs preliminary determination of the target charging value TV before the charging duration begins, using rest time RT and state of charge SOC parameters. This advance calculation allows the charging process to start immediately at the optimal current level without trial-and-error adjustments, preventing lithium plating from the outset while maintaining fast charging speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The charging system dynamically adjusts the target charging value TV based on real-time parameters including rest time RT, state of charge SOC, internal temperature T, and electromotive force U0. The battery management system continuously monitors these variables and modifies the charging current accordingly, enabling the system to adapt to changing battery conditions during fast charging to prevent lithium plating while maximizing charging speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If electrode design is optimized to prevent lithium plating, then battery reliability is improved, but charging duration increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelithium plating preventionVSAvoidcharging duration
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system changes the charging parameter (target charging value TV) based on the rest time RT and state of charge SOC of the battery. By calculating TV = RP × C where C is a reduction coefficient determined from RT and SOC, the system optimizes the charging current to prevent lithium plating while maintaining fast charging speeds, avoiding the need for slower charging protocols.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The battery management system uses feedback from multiple sensors monitoring internal temperature T, electromotive force U0, state of charge SOC, and rest time RT to continuously adjust the target charging value TV. This closed-loop control ensures lithium plating prevention while maintaining optimal charging speed throughout the charging process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4631770A1An assembly, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a lithium-ion battery and a battery managing system for monitoring a fast charge
Publication Date: 2025.10.15 AUTOMOTIVE CELLS CO SE
  • EP4631770A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4631770A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4631770A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An assembly (14), in particular for a vehicle (10), comprising: - a lithium-ion battery (18) intended to provide a current (16) when in use, to be idle during a rest time RT, or to be charged by receiving a charging current (22) from a charging system (24) during a charging duration, - a battery managing system (20) adapted for controlling the charging current at a target value TV, and configured for determining the target value before the charging duration using at least: a first parameter representative of an internal temperature (T) of the battery, a second parameter representative of an electromotive force (U0) or of a state of charge SOC of the battery, and a third parameter representative of the rest time RT preceding the charging duration.