Battery Pack Fire Capsule Layout for Cell-Level Flame Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for extinguishing battery pack fires in electric vehicles are inefficient and time-consuming, often requiring large amounts of water and external application, which can delay effective fire suppression and allow flames to spread to surrounding cells.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack fire extinguisher with a built-in fire extinguishing capsule that directs flames towards a fire extinguishing agent using a guide portion and injection holes, igniting the agent to quickly extinguish the fire and prevent its spread.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If water is sprayed from the outside of the electric vehicle to extinguish battery fires, then fire extinguishing can be attempted, but fire extinguishing efficiency is very low and a large amount of water is required
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing capsule is extracted from external fire trucks and integrated directly into the battery pack structure. Each battery cell has its own dedicated capsule positioned inside the battery housing, allowing localized fire suppression without requiring external water application.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing capsules are pre-installed within the battery pack structure before operation. When a battery cell ignites, the corresponding capsule is already in position to immediately suppress the fire, eliminating the response time delay associated with external fire trucks arriving and positioning equipment.
2Loss of time
If water is sprayed from the outside of the electric vehicle, then fire suppression can be attempted, but early fire extinguishing response is difficult before fire trucks arrive
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing capsules are pre-installed within the battery pack structure before operation. When a battery cell ignites, the corresponding capsule is already in position to immediately suppress the fire, eliminating the response time delay associated with external fire trucks arriving and positioning equipment.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery pack is self-sufficient for fire suppression through built-in capsules that automatically activate when a battery cell ignites. The system does not require external assistance or manual intervention to begin fire suppression, enabling immediate response to thermal runaway events.
3Reliability
If a fire occurs in one battery cell, then the flame should be removed to prevent spreading, but without built-in extinguishing means the fire can engulf the entire battery pack
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into individual battery cell units, each with its own dedicated fire extinguishing capsule. This segmentation allows localized fire suppression at the cell level, preventing flame propagation to adjacent cells while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure.
Solution Approach 2:
Each battery cell position has a specifically tailored fire suppression capability with a capsule designed for that location. The capsules are positioned to target the specific battery cell they protect, providing localized fire suppression rather than requiring a complex centralized system.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents the spread of fire by quickly igniting the extinguishing agent, blocking flames from engulfing surrounding battery cells, and ensuring rapid fire suppression.
Implementation Method 1
a flame from a battery cell is guided by the guide portion through the injection portion to the fire extinguishing capsule to ignite the fire extinguishing agent sheet
Implementation Method 2
ignite the fire extinguishing agent sheet to extinguish the flame of the battery cell by using the smoke generated by the fire extinguishing agent
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack fire extinguisher includes: a plurality of battery cells; a bottom case accommodating the battery cells; a top case coupled to the bottom case; and a fire extinguishing capsule attached to the top case and comprising a fire extinguishing agent sheet embedded therein. The fire extinguishing capsule includes: an injection portion having injection holes for spraying a fire extinguishing agent toward the battery cells from the fire extinguishing agent sheet; and a guide portion protruding beyond the injection portion toward the battery cells around the injection portion.