Battery Module Fire Suppression with Diagonal Spray Pipe Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fire extinguishing systems for energy storage systems struggle to effectively suppress and extinguish high-pressure fires caused by increasing flame volume and ejection pressure in battery cells, particularly in systems with high energy density.
Innovation Solution
A fire extinguishing system for energy storage systems featuring a sensing unit to detect temperature, voltage, and smoke, with a fire extinguishing unit that sprays a fire extinguishing agent through a spray pipe with diagonal spray holes, a top cover with corresponding vent openings, and a subframe extension to direct the agent effectively to battery cells, minimizing damage from debris and heat propagation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a fire extinguishing system uses a spray pipe with diagonal spray holes to direct the extinguishing agent diagonally, then fire suppression efficiency is enhanced and secondary damage from debris is reduced, but the device complexity increases due to the rotated arrangement and corresponding vent openings
Solution Approach 1:
The spray pipe is rotated such that the spray holes are located in a direction diagonal to the battery module, creating an asymmetric spray pattern. This asymmetric arrangement allows the extinguishing agent to be directed away from the vent, reducing the impact of debris while maintaining effective fire suppression. The corresponding vent openings in the top cover are also asymmetrically positioned to match this diagonal spray direction.
Solution Approach 2:
The spray pipe introduces a new spatial dimension by rotating to a diagonal orientation rather than spraying directly upward or horizontally. This dimensional change in spray direction creates a three-dimensional spray pattern that bypasses the debris path while still reaching the fire source, effectively adding a vertical-diagonal component to the extinguishing agent delivery.
2Quantity of substance
If the energy density of the battery is increased, then the energy storage capacity is improved, but the flame volume and ejection pressure at the vent increase, making it more difficult to extinguish fires early
Solution Approach 1:
The system extracts the harmful factor (debris and flame ejection) from the direct path of the extinguishing agent by rotating the spray pipe diagonally. This separation allows the extinguishing agent to reach the fire source without being blocked or deflected by the high-pressure ejection from the vent, effectively neutralizing the harmful effect of increased battery energy density.
Solution Approach 2:
The diagonal spray direction acts as an intermediary path that bypasses the direct interaction between the extinguishing agent and the high-pressure vent ejection. By introducing this intermediate angular path, the system avoids the harmful effects of debris and flame while still delivering the extinguishing agent to the target area.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system efficiently suppresses and extinguishes fires by directing the extinguishing agent diagonally to avoid direct impact with debris, reducing secondary damage and enhancing fire suppression efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of the temperature, voltage, and smoke of each of the battery modules
Implementation Method 2
a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of the temperature, voltage, and smoke of each of the battery modules
Implementation Method 3
a fire extinguishing unit configured to spray a fire extinguishing agent to the battery module
Data Source
AI summary
A fire extinguishing system includes: a plurality of battery racks each configured to receive a plurality of battery modules, the fire extinguishing system including: a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of temperature, voltage, or smoke of the battery modules; and a fire extinguishing unit spraying a fire extinguishing agent to the battery module if at least one of values sensed by the sensing unit is higher than a preset threshold, wherein the fire extinguishing unit comprises a spray pipe connected to a top of the battery module, the spray pipe allowing the fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed therethrough, a plurality of spray holes is formed through the spray pipe so as to correspond to positions of battery cells of the battery module, and the spray pipe is rotationally arranged such that the spray holes are arranged in a direction diagonal to the battery module.