Fire Extinguishing Sheet for Battery Thermal Runaway Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium secondary batteries are prone to ignition due to their high reactivity and temperature sensitivity, and when one battery cell ignites, it can cause a chain reaction leading to the ignition or temperature rise of adjacent cells, posing a risk in battery modules and packs.
Innovation Solution
A fire extinguishing sheet with a fire extinguishing layer containing a potassium compound, such as potassium nitrate and potassium perchlorate, that releases a solid aerosol at temperatures above 250°C to suppress flames and heat propagation by reducing oxygen concentration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If lithium secondary batteries are used with high energy density and high capacity, then performance is improved, but the risk of ignition increases due to high reactivity and temperature sensitivity
Solution Approach 1:
A fire extinguishing sheet is introduced as an intermediary substance between battery cells. The sheet contains fire extinguishing agents that are released when temperature rises, acting as a mediator to suppress ignition and prevent flame propagation, thereby resolving the contradiction between high energy density and ignition risk.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing sheet is pre-installed within the battery module before any ignition event occurs. The sheet contains fire extinguishing agents in advance, and upon temperature rise above a reference level, it automatically releases these agents to suppress ignition, performing the protective action before the harmful effect can spread.
2Productivity
If one battery cell ignites, then the immediate fire in that cell occurs, but it causes chain reaction leading to ignition or temperature rise of adjacent cells
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing sheet serves as a physical and chemical barrier between adjacent battery cells. When one cell ignites, the sheet releases fire extinguishing agents that suppress the flame and block heat transfer, preventing the chain reaction from propagating to neighboring cells.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing sheet is positioned in advance between battery cells to cushion against potential flame propagation. The sheet contains fire extinguishing agents ready to be released, providing a protective buffer that absorbs and neutralizes the harmful effects before they can spread to adjacent cells.
3Reliability
If a fire extinguishing system is added to prevent ignition propagation, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing sheet is designed to activate automatically based on temperature changes without requiring external sensors, power sources, or control systems. The sheet contains fire extinguishing agents that are released when the temperature rises above a reference level, making the system self-activating and eliminating the need for complex external control mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing sheet utilizes temperature as a triggering parameter. When the temperature rises above a reference level due to battery thermal runaway, the sheet automatically releases fire extinguishing agents. This parameter-based activation simplifies the system design by eliminating the need for electronic sensors, power supplies, and control circuits.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The fire extinguishing sheet effectively blocks flames and heat from spreading to adjacent cells, preventing a chain reaction and external exposure, autonomously activating to extinguish fires without external sensors.
Implementation Method 1
a fire extinguishing sheet includes a fire extinguishing layer that includes a solid aerosol and is configured to release the solid aerosol at temperatures above a reference temperature (e.g., a predetermined temperature)
Data Source
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AI summary
A fire extinguishing sheet, a battery module, and a battery pack are disclosed. The fire extinguishing sheet includes a fire extinguishing layer that includes a solid aerosol and is configured to release the solid aerosol at temperatures above a reference temperature.