Fire Extinguishing Sheet for Battery Thermal Propagation Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium secondary batteries are prone to ignition due to their high reactivity and temperature sensitivity, and when one battery cell ignites, it can cause a chain reaction leading to the ignition or temperature rise of adjacent cells, posing a risk in battery modules and packs.

Innovation Solution

A fire extinguishing sheet with a fire extinguishing layer that releases a solid aerosol at a predetermined temperature, blocking flames and heat propagation, and reducing oxygen concentration to prevent further ignition.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If lithium secondary batteries are used with high energy density and high capacity, then charge and discharge efficiency is improved, but the risk of ignition increases due to high reactivity and temperature sensitivity

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecharge and discharge efficiencyVSAvoidignition risk

Core Design Contradiction:

Use of energy by moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A fire extinguishing sheet is introduced as an intermediary component between battery cells to prevent flame propagation and heat transfer. The sheet contains fire extinguishing agents that are released when temperature increases, acting as a mediator to suppress ignition risks without affecting the battery's energy performance

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The fire extinguishing sheet creates an inert or low-oxygen environment around the battery cells by releasing fire extinguishing agents that displace oxygen and suppress combustion. This inert atmosphere prevents ignition propagation while allowing the battery to operate at high energy density

Inventive Principle:

Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

2Power

If battery modules and packs include multiple battery cells to deliver high performance, then power and energy output is improved, but the risk of chain reaction ignition increases when one cell ignites

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvepower outputVSAvoidignition propagation risk

Core Design Contradiction:

PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The battery module is segmented by placing fire extinguishing sheets between individual battery cells. These sheets create physical and chemical barriers that divide the potential combustion zone, preventing chain reaction ignition across multiple cells while allowing each cell to operate at high power

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Fire extinguishing sheets serve as intermediary protective layers between adjacent battery cells. When one cell ignites, the sheet releases fire extinguishing agents that suppress flame propagation to neighboring cells, acting as a mediator that isolates thermal and chemical hazards

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If fire extinguishing sheets are placed inside battery modules to prevent flame propagation, then safety is improved, but the space available for battery cells is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvefire safetyVSAvoidavailable space for battery cells

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The fire extinguishing sheet is designed as a thin film structure that provides effective fire suppression functionality while occupying minimal space. The thin film format allows the sheet to be placed between battery cells without significantly reducing the volume available for energy-storing components

Inventive Principle:

Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The fire extinguishing sheet utilizes phase change or chemical transformation of fire extinguishing agents at elevated temperatures to achieve fire suppression. This parameter-based approach allows the sheet to remain compact at normal temperatures and only expand or react when thermal threats are detected, maximizing space efficiency

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The fire extinguishing sheet effectively suppresses flames and prevents their exposure and propagation within battery modules and packs, breaking the chain reaction of ignition and protecting adjacent cells.

Implementation Method 1

a fire extinguishing layer that includes a solid aerosol and is configured to release the solid aerosol at temperatures above a reference temperature

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectThermal energy conversion:

Implementation Method 2

a fire extinguishing layer that includes a solid aerosol and is configured to release the solid aerosol at temperatures above a reference temperature

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAerosol release: Aerosol

Implementation Method 3

reducing oxygen concentration to prevent further ignition

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectOxygen displacement: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentUS20250349953A1Fire extinguishing sheet, battery module, and battery pack

Publication Date: 2025.11.13 SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD

AI summary

The application relates to a fire extinguishing sheet, a battery module, and a battery pack are disclosed. A fire extinguishing sheet includes a fire extinguishing layer that includes a solid aerosol and is configured to release the solid aerosol at temperatures above a reference temperature.