Battery Cell Fluoride Additives for Manganese Metal Suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Manganese from manganese-containing cathodes in batteries can dissolve and react to form manganese metal at the anode, leading to battery degradation, increased polarization, and impedance resistance.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a binary fluoride Mn2+ scavenging species, such as metal fluorides like KF, BaF2, or NaF, in the battery cell to form stable ternary metal fluoride compounds that reduce manganese metal formation by reacting with Mn2+ ions, thereby reducing anode polarization and impedance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If manganese-containing cathodes are used in batteries, then power capacity is improved, but manganese dissolves and forms manganese metal at the anode leading to battery degradation
Solution Approach 1:
A binary metal fluoride species MxFy is introduced as an intermediary substance in the electrolyte to react with dissolved Mn2+ ions. This intermediary prevents Mn2+ from reaching the anode and forming harmful manganese metal deposits, while allowing the manganese-containing cathode to maintain its high power capacity function.
Solution Approach 2:
The dissolved Mn2+ ions, which originally cause harm by forming manganese metal at the anode, are converted into a beneficial reaction with MxFy to form stable ternary metal fluoride compounds. This transforms the harmful dissolution process into a useful mechanism for preventing anode degradation.
2Power
If manganese-containing cathodes are used, then battery power is increased, but anode polarization and impedance resistance increase
Solution Approach 1:
The binary metal fluoride MxFy acts as a mediator that intercepts Mn2+ ions in the electrolyte, preventing them from depositing on the anode surface. This eliminates the source of anode polarization and impedance increase, allowing high-power manganese cathodes to operate without the harmful side effects.
3Reliability
If MxFy is added to the electrolyte, then manganese metal formation is reduced, but electrolyte composition complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by adding small amounts of binary metal fluoride species MxFy. This simple parameter change triggers a protective chemical reaction that reduces manganese metal formation without fundamentally altering the electrolyte's basic structure or requiring complex multi-component formulations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively decreases manganese metal formation, reducing battery degradation, maintaining capacity, and preventing sudden power drops in electric vehicles by stabilizing manganese ions within the battery cell.
Implementation Method 1
Mn dissolution from a Mn-containing cathode can form a ternary Mn2+-containing metal fluoride compound by a reaction between MxFy and Mn from the Mn-containing cathode
Implementation Method 2
manganese from manganese-containing cathodes can dissolve (in Mn2+(aq.) form), and further react to form manganese metal (Mn0) at the anode
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein is a battery cell and electrode. The battery cell can include a component. The battery cell can include MxFy disposed in the component, where M is a metal element different from Mn, and 1≤x≤3 and 1≤y≤3. The electrode can include an anode active material. The electrode can include a solid electrolyte interphase on the anode active material. The solid electrolyte interphase can include MxMn(O1-yFy)z, where M is a metal element different from Mn, and x≥1, 0≤y≤1, and z≥3.