Battery Pack Exhaust Duct With Diffusion Space for Hot Gas Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery packs face safety challenges due to the vigorous ejection of high-temperature discharge gas from lithium-ion batteries, which can lead to thermal melting of the exterior case, smoking, ignition, and inadequate safety measures for releasing this gas.
Innovation Solution
The battery pack incorporates an exhaust duct with an inflow side inside the case and a discharge side outside, along with a diffusion space to attenuate the energy of the discharge gas before it is exhausted, thereby reducing the risk of external ignition and ensuring safer discharge.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If a hole is provided in the exterior case to discharge discharge gas, then the discharge gas can be released to the outside, but the high-temperature discharge gas thermally melts the exterior case and causes smoking, ignition, and safety issues
Solution Approach 1:
An exhaust duct is introduced as an intermediary component between the discharge valve and the exterior case. The exhaust duct guides the discharge gas from the discharge valve to the exterior case, preventing direct contact between the high-temperature discharge gas and the case body, thereby avoiding thermal melting and ignition while still enabling gas discharge.
Solution Approach 2:
The exhaust duct extends in the thickness direction of the case, creating a three-dimensional pathway that separates the discharge gas flow from the case interior. This dimensional arrangement allows the discharge gas to be channeled safely to the exterior without heating the case structure.
2Reliability
If the discharge gas is vigorously ejected at high temperature, then the discharge valve functions to release pressure, but the kinetic energy and temperature cause safety hazards outside the case
Solution Approach 1:
The exhaust duct is designed with sufficient length and appropriate cross-sectional area to provide cushioning effect before the discharge gas exits to the exterior. This pre-cushioning allows the discharge gas to expand and reduce its kinetic energy and temperature along the duct path, so that by the time it reaches the exterior, its harmful effects are significantly reduced.
Solution Approach 2:
The exhaust duct utilizes the expansion space within the case thickness to convert the harmful high kinetic energy and temperature of the discharge gas into beneficial pressure equalization. The gas expands along the duct, converting kinetic energy to internal energy, and by the time it exits, the energy is dissipated in a controlled manner that prevents external hazards.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration effectively attenuates both thermal and kinetic energies of the discharge gas, ensuring it is released in a safer, lower-energy state, which reduces the risk of external ignition and enhances overall safety by weakening the flame strength before it is released.
Implementation Method 1
the discharge valve ejects the discharge gas into diffusion space 25, and the discharge gas of diffusion space 25 is discharged to the outside of the case via exhaust duct 5
Implementation Method 2
diffusion space 25 of the discharge gas is provided inside case 2
Implementation Method 3
the discharge gas of diffusion space 25 is discharged to the outside of the case via exhaust duct 5
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes battery cell including a discharge valve opened when an internal pressure exceeds a set pressure, and case housing battery cell. Exhaust duct through which a discharge gas is discharged from the discharge valve to an outside of the case is disposed in the case, a discharge side of exhaust duct is opened to the outside of the case, and an inflow side of the exhaust duct is opened to an inside of the case, a diffusion space of the discharge gas is provided inside case, the discharge valve ejects the discharge gas into the diffusion space, and the discharge gas of the diffusion space is discharged to the outside of the case via exhaust duct.