Battery Cell Gas Extraction and Cooling for Thermal Runaway
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage systems intervene too late in thermal runaway events of lithium-ion batteries, leading to incomplete fire extinguishing and larger fires, as they primarily respond after the onset of fire, rather than detecting and addressing the issue in earlier stages.
Innovation Solution
An energy storage battery system with a hierarchical thermal runaway control method, utilizing a first communicating unit connected to an air extraction device and a second communicating unit connected to a low-pressure pump, which injects cooling fluid into the battery cell, and a high-pressure pump to burst and spray cooling fluid, allowing for early detection and intervention across different levels of thermal runaway.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a fire-suppression system with smoke alarm and gas fire-extinguishing system is used, then fire can be extinguished after detection, but the intervention is too late and fire extinguishing is incomplete
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by detecting thermal runaway at early stages (temperature rise, pressure increase, flammable gas discharge) before fire occurs, and taking preventive measures (extracting flammable gas, cooling battery cells) to stop the progression to fire. This resolves the contradiction by acting in advance rather than waiting for fire detection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a multi-stage feedback system that continuously monitors battery cell parameters (temperature, pressure, gas composition) and adjusts control strategies based on the detected stage of thermal runaway. This enables timely intervention at appropriate stages, improving fire prevention effectiveness while reducing response time loss.
2Reliability
If early detection and intervention is implemented across different levels of thermal runaway, then fire prevention effectiveness is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides thermal runaway control into distinct stages (temperature rise, pressure increase, flammable gas discharge, rapid temperature rise) with specific detection and control measures for each stage. This segmentation allows targeted intervention strategies that improve effectiveness while managing system complexity through modular design.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a multi-functional integrated control system that performs detection, gas extraction, and cooling functions through a unified platform. The system can adaptively switch between different control strategies based on the thermal runaway stage, achieving comprehensive protection without proportionally increasing device complexity.
3Reliability
If gas extraction and cooling fluid injection are applied, then thermal runaway progression is suppressed, but the energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic or intermittent gas extraction and cooling fluid injection based on real-time monitoring of battery cell parameters, rather than continuous operation. This approach maintains thermal runaway suppression effectiveness while significantly reducing energy consumption by activating systems only when needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies partial action by targeting only the specific battery cells experiencing thermal runaway for gas extraction and cooling, rather than treating the entire battery pack uniformly. This localized approach reduces energy consumption while maintaining effective suppression of the affected cells.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This system enables quick and efficient control of thermal runaway, minimizing its influence range by extracting gas, reducing pressure, and spraying cooling fluid to prevent further expansion, thereby reducing the risk of fire and preventing chain reactions.
Implementation Method 1
using the air extraction device to extract the gas in the first communicating unit and the battery cell... to reduce the pressure in the battery cell and the pipeline and the concentration of combustible gas
Implementation Method 2
using the low-pressure pump to inject cooling fluid into the battery cell to continuously cool the battery cell
Implementation Method 3
using the high-pressure pump to pressurize external cooling fluid and transmit it to the first communicating unit to cause the first communicating unit to burst, and spray the cooling fluid to the battery cell
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides an energy storage battery system, including a battery cluster, a first communicating unit and a second communicating unit. The battery cluster includes at least one battery module, and the battery module includes at least one battery cell. The first communicating unit and the second communicating unit are both communicated with the battery cell. The first communicating unit is used to connect with an air extraction device, and the gas in the battery cell and the first communicating unit can be extracted using the air extraction device. The second communicating unit is used to connect with a low-pressure pump, and external cooling fluid can be transmitted to an interior of the battery cell using the low-pressure pump. The disclosure further provides a control method of battery thermal runaway.