Battery Gas Reducer Layout for Swelling and Gassing Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery technologies face challenges in effectively managing battery gassing, which leads to volume swelling and safety risks due to gas production, and current methods either complicate the battery structure or have limited gas absorption capacity.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a gas reducer made of alkali metal or alkali metal alloy inside the battery housing, which is in non-electrical contact with the negative electrode plate, to chemically consume the produced gases, thereby simplifying the configuration and enhancing degassing capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If a vent valve is disposed to exhaust gas, then gas can be removed from the battery, but the battery structure becomes complicated and gas cannot be eliminated timely
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful gas is extracted from the battery system by introducing a gas reducer that selectively consumes gas (CO2, SO2, H2O) through chemical reactions. The gas reducer captures and removes gas molecules from the electrolyte decomposition products, converting them into harmless or less harmful substances that remain in the battery without causing swelling or safety issues.
Solution Approach 2:
The chemical composition and reactivity parameters of the battery system are changed by introducing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal particles. These metals provide high reactivity toward specific gas molecules, changing the chemical transformation pathways from gas generation to gas consumption, thereby eliminating gas accumulation without mechanical venting structures.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If a gas storage apparatus is disposed to absorb gas, then gas can be stored, but the absorption capacity is limited by gas scale effect
Solution Approach 1:
The absorption mechanism is changed from physical adsorption (limited by surface area and pore structure) to chemical reaction (limited only by stoichiometry). The gas reducer uses chemical reactions between alkali/alkaline earth metals and gas molecules (CO2, SO2, H2O), where the absorption capacity is determined by the molar ratio of reactants rather than physical surface area, enabling unlimited absorption capacity proportional to the amount of gas reducer present.
Solution Approach 2:
The gas reducer employs composite material design combining alkali metal or alkaline earth metal particles with a porous support structure or coating matrix. This composite structure provides both high chemical reactivity (from the metal particles) and sufficient surface area for gas contact (from the porous structure), overcoming the limitation of pure physical adsorption materials.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If alkali metal is used as gas reducer, then gas can be consumed chemically, but side reactions with non-aqueous electrolyte may occur
Solution Approach 1:
The gas reducer is designed with spatially differentiated properties: alkali metal or alkaline earth metal particles are distributed throughout the electrolyte volume rather than concentrated in one location. This local distribution ensures that gas molecules generated at any electrode surface can encounter gas reducer particles nearby, maximizing gas consumption efficiency while diluting the reactivity risk across the entire electrolyte volume.
Solution Approach 2:
The concentration parameter of the gas reducer is optimized to maintain low levels (0.01-5 wt%) sufficient for gas consumption while remaining below the threshold that would cause significant side reactions with the electrolyte. This parameter optimization balances gas consumption efficiency with electrolyte stability, ensuring reliable battery operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution allows for timely and effective reduction of multiple types of gases, improving safety and cycling performance by reducing gas accumulation and enhancing ion transmission, without affecting the non-aqueous electrolyte's function.
Implementation Method 1
The gas produced is reduced to an alkali metal salt relying on reducibility of the alkali metal and the alkali metal alloy, implementing chemical consumption of the gas
Implementation Method 2
because of strong reducibility of the alkali metal and the alkali metal alloy, multiple types of gas produced can be reduced in a quick and effective manner
Data Source
AI summary
This application provides a battery, and a method and apparatus for curbing battery gassing, and pertains to the field of battery technologies. The battery includes a battery housing, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. A gas reducer is disposed inside the battery housing, the gas reducer includes at least one of alkali metal and alkali metal alloy, and the gas reducer is in no contact with or in non-electrical contact with the negative electrode plate. The apparatus is provided with the foregoing battery. The method for curbing battery gassing includes disposing the gas reducer inside the battery housing, such that the gas reducer is in no contact with or in non-electrical contact with the negative electrode plate. Such battery features simple configuration, no limitation from gas scale effect, timely degassing, and high degassing capacity.