Battery Heat Absorbing Layer Composite Material
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Solution Overview
Problem
Inorganic hydrates and hydroxides, despite their high theoretical endotherm, suffer from reduced compactness and endotherm per unit volume when used in heat absorbing layers due to their hardness, leading to inefficient heat absorption in batteries.
Innovation Solution
A battery design incorporating a heat absorbing layer composed of an inorganic hydrate, such as calcium sulfate dihydrate, combined with an organic heat absorbing material like mannitol, which maintains high compactness and enhances endothermic performance by melting to absorb heat effectively.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If inorganic hydrates or inorganic hydroxides are used as heat absorbing layer materials, then the theoretical endotherm is large, but the hardness is high causing voids to form and compactness to deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite materials by combining inorganic hydrate particles (calcium sulfate dihydrate) with organic heat absorbing material (mannitol) in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 50:50. This composite structure allows the inorganic component to provide high theoretical endotherm while the organic component fills voids and improves compactness, resolving the contradiction between endotherm quantity and manufacturing precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the heat absorbing layer by controlling particle size distribution (D50 of inorganic hydrate: 3-10 μm, D50 of organic material: 5-15 μm) and composition ratio. These parameter changes optimize packing density and eliminate voids while maintaining high endotherm capacity, thus improving compactness without sacrificing endotherm performance.
2Quantity of substance
If inorganic hydrates or inorganic hydroxides are used as heat absorbing layer materials, then the theoretical endotherm is large, but the endotherm per unit volume is largely reduced due to void formation
Solution Approach 1:
The composite of inorganic hydrate and organic heat absorbing material eliminates voids through complementary particle packing. The organic material fills the interstices between inorganic particles, achieving high compactness (≥80%, preferably ≥90%). This increases the endotherm per unit volume by ensuring both materials contribute fully to heat absorption without wasted space from voids.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the porous structure by controlling particle size and distribution. The D50 particle sizes (inorganic: 3-10 μm, organic: 5-15 μm) create an optimized pore structure that minimizes void space while maintaining effective heat absorption pathways, thus maximizing endotherm per unit volume.
3Strength
If high hardness materials are used in the heat absorbing layer, then the structural strength is maintained, but voids are generated and compactness deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The composite structure combines hard inorganic hydrate particles (providing structural strength) with softer organic heat absorbing material (improving compactness). The organic material acts as a filler that packs into spaces between rigid inorganic particles, maintaining structural integrity while eliminating voids and improving overall compactness to ≥80%.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by having different materials serve different functions: inorganic hydrate particles provide structural strength and high-temperature endotherm, while organic mannitol provides compactness improvement and lower-temperature endotherm. This functional differentiation resolves the contradiction between strength and compactness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The combination significantly increases the endotherm per unit volume of the heat absorbing layer, effectively managing excessive heat generation in batteries and preventing thermal runaway, as demonstrated by the shutdown effect in nail penetration tests.
Implementation Method 1
The inorganic hydrate may lose at least part of water of hydration at any temperature in the range of 60° C. to 250° C.
Implementation Method 2
a melting point of the at least one organic heat absorbing material may be in the range of 60° C. to 250° C.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery including a heat absorbing layer that has a large endotherm per unit volume. The battery comprises at least one heat absorbing layer, the at least one heat absorbing layer comprising an inorganic hydrate and at least one organic heat absorbing material selected from the group consisting of a sugar alcohol and a hydrocarbon.