High-Voltage Battery Heat Shielding for Emergency Cell Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional high-voltage batteries in vehicles lack sufficient safety measures to prevent fire hazards from hot or burning gas leaking during extreme mechanical damage or short circuits, as the emergency ventilation openings can allow direct impingement of hot gases on the battery housing walls, potentially leading to flame leakage into the passenger compartment.
Innovation Solution
A heat protection layer is applied to the cell contact system and/or the inner wall of the high-voltage battery housing in the regions of the emergency ventilation openings, which acts as a barrier to prevent hot or burning gas from directly impinging on the housing material, using materials that do not melt or burn up to high temperatures, thereby preventing flame leakage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If emergency ventilation openings are provided in battery cell housings to allow gas escape during extreme damage or short circuits, then the ability to vent hot or burning gas is improved, but the risk of flame leakage into the passenger compartment increases due to direct impingement on the housing wall
Solution Approach 1:
A heat protection layer is introduced as an intermediary substance between the emergency ventilation opening and the housing wall. This layer absorbs and withstands the thermal impact of hot or burning gas escaping through the ventilation opening, preventing direct impingement on the housing wall and eliminating the fire hazard while preserving the emergency ventilation function
Solution Approach 2:
The housing structure is enhanced by applying a heat protection layer (such as ceramic coating or intumescent material) to the housing wall in the region of the emergency ventilation opening. This composite structure combines the structural integrity of the housing wall with the thermal protection properties of the coating layer, allowing hot gas to escape while protecting the housing from thermal damage
2Object-affected harmful factors
If a heat protection layer is applied to the housing wall to prevent hot gas impingement, then fire safety is improved, but the device complexity and manufacturing cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The heat protection layer is applied selectively only in the region of the emergency ventilation opening on the housing wall, rather than covering the entire housing. This localized application provides fire protection exactly where it is needed (at the ventilation opening) while minimizing the additional complexity and cost associated with applying protective layers to the entire housing structure
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The heat protection layer effectively prevents hot or burning gas from penetrating the high-voltage battery housing, enhancing passenger safety by ensuring that even at high temperatures, the risk of flame leakage is minimized, and the solution is cost-effective and lightweight.
Implementation Method 1
the cell contact system and/or the wall of the housing of the high-voltage battery is or are provided with a heat protection layer, in particular with a heat protection coating layer, at least in those regions in which the emergency ventilation openings are arranged... Hot or burning gas thus impinges initially on the heat protection layer... hot gas is thereby prevented, at least for a predefined duration, from burning through the wall of the housing
Data Source
AI summary
A vehicle includes a high-voltage battery which has a housing and at least one battery module arranged in the housing that has multiple battery cells which are electrically connected together via a cell contacting system. Each of the battery cells has a battery cell housing with an emergency degassing opening which opens at a specified cell inner pressure and through which hot or burning gas can be leaked out of the interior of the battery cell housing into the housing of the high-voltage battery in the event of a disruption or damage to individual battery cells. The emergency degassing openings face the cell contacting system and/or a wall of the housing of the high-voltage battery. The cell contacting system and/or the wall of the housing of the high-voltage battery is/are provided with a heat protection layer, at least in the regions in which the emergency degassing openings are arranged.