Secondary Battery Interlayer for Thermal Runaway Suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current secondary batteries face challenges in achieving both superior battery characteristics and safety, as existing configurations often prioritize one aspect over the other, particularly in high-temperature environments and during abnormal incidents.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a polyphosphate salt, melamine salt, melamine derivative, metal hydroxide, or metal hydrate interlayer between the cathode and anode, which partially enters into both components, enhancing safety and performance by suppressing thermal runaway and maintaining discharge capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If ammonium polyphosphate is contained in cathode mixture or anode mixture to improve high-temperature conservation characteristics, then safety is improved, but battery characteristics such as battery capacity are not yet established at the same time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a flame retardant layer as an intermediary component between the cathode and anode. This layer contains flame retardant material (such as ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, or metal hydroxides) that acts as a mediator to suppress thermal runaway while maintaining battery performance. The flame retardant layer serves as a buffer zone that prevents direct contact between electrodes during thermal events, thereby improving safety without significantly compromising battery capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material structures by combining flame retardant materials with battery electrode materials. The flame retardant layer is formed as a composite structure containing multiple flame retardant compounds (e.g., ammonium polyphosphate combined with melamine cyanurate, or metal hydroxides like aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide). This composite approach enhances both safety characteristics and maintains battery performance through optimized material composition and distribution.
2Reliability
If ester phosphate is provided in part of separator to enhance ignition tolerance, then safety is improved, but battery characteristics are not yet established at the same time
Solution Approach 1:
The flame retardant layer serves as an intermediary barrier that enhances ignition tolerance by preventing direct flame propagation between electrodes. The layer contains flame retardant materials that decompose endothermically to absorb heat and release flame-retardant gases, creating a protective atmosphere that suppresses ignition while maintaining normal battery operation and characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the thermal and chemical parameters of the battery system by introducing flame retardant materials with specific decomposition temperatures and heat absorption characteristics. These parameter changes (decomposition temperature, heat capacity, gas release rate) are optimized to enhance ignition tolerance while preserving battery performance through controlled thermal management during normal operation.
3Reliability
If melamine cyanurate is contained in resin composition of battery container to secure heat tolerance, then safety is improved, but battery characteristics and safety are not yet established at the same time
Solution Approach 1:
The flame retardant layer is formed in advance on the cathode or anode surfaces before battery assembly, performing preliminary protective action. The flame retardant materials are pre-positioned at strategic locations where thermal runaway would initiate, creating a first line of defense that activates during thermal events while maintaining battery characteristics during normal operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite material formulations in the flame retardant layer, combining melamine cyanurate with other flame retardant compounds and binding agents. This composite structure provides synergistic effects that enhance heat tolerance while maintaining electrical insulation properties and mechanical integrity, thereby preserving battery characteristics alongside improved safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively achieves both superior battery characteristics and safety by preventing thermal runaway and ensuring stable discharge capacity, even under repeated charge and discharge operations.
Implementation Method 1
the interlayer partially entering into the cathode, the anode, or both... suppressing thermal runaway
Implementation Method 2
including one or more of a polyphosphate salt, a melamine salt, a melamine derivative... enhancing safety
Implementation Method 3
including one or more of a polyphosphate salt, a melamine salt, a melamine derivative represented by Formula (1), a metal hydroxide, and a metal hydrate
Data Source
AI summary
A battery is provided. The battery includes a cathode; an anode; an interlayer provided between the cathode and the anode; wherein the interlayer includes an electrolytic solution, a polymer compound, and one or more of a polyphosphate salt, a melamine salt, a metal hydroxide, and a metal hydrate.