Battery Management System Cell Deterioration Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery management systems struggle to maintain performance and extend the lifespan of battery packs due to uneven deterioration among battery cells, leading to sudden performance drops and premature replacement, as they only block cells with significant issues without effectively utilizing residual performance or managing excessive deterioration.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that calculates the state of each battery cell or module, performs selective control to exclude or intensively deteriorate cells with high deterioration, and outputs guide information for maintenance, allowing for temporary or permanent exclusion based on setting values to prevent sudden deterioration and optimize battery pack performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If battery cells are used independently without selective control, then the battery pack can operate with all cells, but the performance deviation and deterioration difference between cells increases substantially over time
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically changes the operational status parameter of individual battery cells from 'active' to 'excluded' based on their deterioration level. The controller monitors each cell's voltage and compares it against reference values, then selectively excludes cells that fall outside the acceptable range (Vmin to Vmax), thereby maintaining performance consistency while preserving overall pack capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery pack is segmented into individually controllable cells, each with independent monitoring and exclusion capability. Instead of treating the battery pack as a single unit, the system divides it into discrete cells that can be independently assessed and managed, allowing selective exclusion of only those cells that have deteriorated beyond acceptable thresholds.
2Reliability
If battery cells with substantial deterioration are blocked, then performance consistency is maintained, but the number of usable battery cells decreases and overall battery pack lifespan is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies partial exclusion action by blocking only those specific cells that have deteriorated beyond the acceptable voltage range (Vmin to Vmax), rather than blocking all cells or the entire battery pack. This partial action maintains performance consistency while preserving the majority of usable cells, thereby extending overall pack lifespan.
Solution Approach 2:
The system converts the harmful effect of cell deterioration into a beneficial management strategy by using the voltage deviation as a diagnostic criterion. Cells showing substantial deterioration (voltage outside Vmin-Vmax range) are identified and selectively excluded, transforming what would be a failure condition into a controlled management decision that extends pack life.
3Manufacturing precision
If only battery cells with appropriate specifications are mounted, then initial performance is optimized, but when a cell is blocked the number of usable cells decreases causing performance and use time to decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary monitoring and assessment of each battery cell's voltage during operation, establishing baseline performance characteristics before deterioration becomes critical. By continuously tracking voltage deviations against predetermined ranges (Vmin to Vmax), the system proactively identifies at-risk cells before they fail, allowing for preventive exclusion that maintains both initial performance standards and ongoing productivity.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus and method for controlling a battery are provided. The apparatus includes a battery pack and a battery management system (BMS). The BMS is configured to calculate a battery state by sensing the battery pack and perform a selective control to select a control object of a unit element of the battery pack or an intensive control to intensively use the control object of the unit element using the battery state.