Battery Management System Using Electrochemical Model for State Estimation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Rechargeable lithium batteries experience capacity reduction due to undesirable side reactions during repeated charge/discharge cycles, leading to reduced power storage and extended charge times, which existing methods attempt to mitigate by limiting charge/discharge rates, resulting in peak power reduction.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that uses sensors, a microprocessor, and memory to apply an electrochemical-based battery model to estimate the state and physical parameters of the battery cell, allowing for efficient regulation of charging and discharging processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the rate of charge/discharge is limited to minimize side reactions, then battery capacity is preserved, but charge time is extended and peak power is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system dynamically adjusts charge/discharge rates based on real-time estimation of battery states (state of charge, temperature, health) rather than using fixed rate limits. This allows the system to optimize between minimizing side reactions and maintaining acceptable charge times by adapting the charge rate to current battery conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors battery characteristics and uses feedback from the electrochemical model to adjust operating parameters. By estimating battery states in real-time and comparing them against optimal ranges, the system can modulate charge/discharge rates to prevent excessive side reactions while avoiding unnecessary time losses from overly conservative rate limiting.
2Reliability
If the rate of charge/discharge is limited to minimize side reactions, then battery capacity is preserved, but peak power is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts charge/discharge rates based on real-time estimation of battery states (state of charge, temperature, health) rather than using fixed rate limits. This allows the system to optimize between minimizing side reactions and maintaining acceptable charge times by adapting the charge rate to current battery conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operating parameters (charge/discharge rate, voltage, current) based on estimated battery states from the electrochemical model. By adjusting these parameters in real-time according to battery health and state of charge, the system can maintain peak power capability when battery conditions permit while reducing rates only when necessary to prevent side reactions.
3Reliability
If an electrochemical-based battery model is applied to estimate battery states and parameters, then battery operation regulation is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an electrochemical model as an intermediary layer between the battery and the management system. This model acts as a virtual sensor that estimates internal battery states (state of charge, temperature, health) based on measurable external characteristics, enabling improved regulation without requiring direct physical sensors for all parameters.
Solution Approach 2:
The system replaces physical measurement devices (mechanical/electrical sensors) with a computational electrochemical model. Instead of using complex sensor arrays to directly measure internal battery states, the system uses mathematical models that compute these states from standard electrical measurements, reducing hardware complexity while improving estimation accuracy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables efficient regulation of battery operations, maintaining battery health and extending its capacity to store power effectively, thereby addressing the limitations of traditional methods.
Implementation Method 1
Both electrodes contain active materials that react with lithium reversibly. In some cases, the negative electrode may include lithium metal, which can be electrochemically dissolved and deposited reversibly.
Implementation Method 2
During charging, there is generation of electrons at the positive electrode and consumption of an equal amount of electrons at the negative electrode. During discharging, opposite reactions occur.
Implementation Method 3
The separator contains an electrolyte with a lithium cation, and serves as a physical barrier between the electrodes such that none of the electrodes are electrically connected within the cell.
Data Source
AI summary
A method of managing a battery system, the method including receiving at least one measured characteristic of the at least one battery cell from the at least one sensor, estimating at least one state of the at least one battery cell at a first time by applying an electrochemical-based battery model, estimating at least one physical parameter of the at least one battery cell based on the at least one measured characteristic and the estimation of the at least one state, estimating the at least one state at a second time, subsequent to the first time, by applying the electrochemical-based battery model based on the estimated at least one parameter, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the at least one state.