Battery Management System Nonlinear Temperature Sensing Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery management systems are costly and lack responsiveness in opening or closing contactors or relays, and they often rely on expensive linear components for temperature sensing, which can introduce noise and interference.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that includes a sensing circuit with a first circuit for receiving a reference voltage, a second circuit for receiving RTD wire voltage, an amplification circuit to produce an analog output signal, and an ADC device to convert this signal to a digital output, processed by a processor to control thermal units, utilizing a differential circuit with non-linear characteristics to accurately determine temperature and control contactors or relays efficiently.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional linear temperature sensing devices are used, then temperature detection function is provided, but cost increases and noise/interference is introduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces conventional linear temperature sensing devices with a nonlinear temperature sensing circuit that uses a differential amplifier and nonlinear transfer function to detect temperature. This substitution eliminates the need for expensive linear devices while reducing noise and interference through the differential circuit architecture and nonlinear signal processing.
2Reliability
If conventional battery management systems are used, then basic monitoring function is provided, but response time for contactor/relay control is slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by continuously monitoring temperature through the nonlinear sensing circuit and maintaining readiness to trigger contactor/relay control. The system uses the nonlinear transfer function to quickly process temperature changes and generate control signals, enabling faster response times compared to conventional systems that process temperature data more slowly.
3Reliability
If conventional battery management systems are used, then basic control function is provided, but system cost is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs cost-effective components in the nonlinear temperature sensing circuit, including standard differential amplifiers and readily available nonlinear elements (such as diodes or transistors configured for nonlinear operation). This approach reduces system cost while maintaining control functionality, replacing expensive conventional components with more economical alternatives that achieve the same or better performance.
4Reliability
If noise isolation circuits are added to eliminate interference, then signal quality improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the noise isolation function directly into the temperature sensing circuit by using a differential amplifier configuration that inherently rejects common-mode noise and interference. The nonlinear transfer function is integrated within the same circuit stage, eliminating the need for separate isolation circuits. This consolidation maintains signal quality while reducing overall circuit complexity compared to adding dedicated noise isolation stages.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system reduces power consumption and costs while providing fast and efficient control of contactors or relays, and accurate temperature sensing, with the ability to compare multiple temperature signals to a set point for over-temperature shutdown, enhancing reliability and reducing noise interference.
Implementation Method 1
a second circuit for receiving RTD wire voltage from an RTD wire... a resistance temperature detector (RTD)... The RTD's resistance changes with temperature, which changes the resistance of the circuit's input resistance network seen by the amplifier
Implementation Method 2
an amplification circuit to produce an analog output signal based at least in part on the reference voltage and the RTD wire voltage... an operational amplifier... The amplification circuit is configured to produce an analog output signal
Implementation Method 3
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) device that is configured to convert the analog output signal to a digital signal output
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management system comprises a circuit for controlling a heating component for a battery to prevent overheating of the battery. The circuit can include an RTD, a primary resistor and a secondary resistor, wherein respective reference voltages are compared to generate a signal. The signal can be filtered and converted to a digital signal for use to by a software programmable processing device (SPPD) to control a temperature of the battery via the heating component. Further, a method is provided that allows hardware only comparison of the nonlinear temperature representation to a fixed set point.