Battery Management System for High Voltage Pack Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional battery management systems are inadequate for high voltage battery packs, as they cannot accurately monitor and respond to the varying states of individual cells due to differences in internal resistance and capacity, leading to reduced safety and lifespan.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system comprising a temperature sampling circuit, voltage measurement circuits, and a microcontroller that calculates the present battery powers of multiple battery packs by obtaining temperature, open circuit voltage, and current parameters, enabling precise estimation of state-of-charge and power calculation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If multiple cells are connected in series to increase terminal voltage for high voltage battery packs, then the battery pack voltage meets load requirements, but the terminal voltage of individual cells may exceed or fall below threshold voltage due to differences in internal resistance and capacity
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system segments the monitoring function to track each cell's terminal voltage, current, and temperature individually. The microcontroller processes data from multiple voltage measurement circuits, current sampling circuits, and temperature sampling circuits to monitor each cell separately, enabling independent protection against over-voltage and under-voltage conditions while maintaining the high voltage output of the series-connected battery pack.
2Device complexity
If traditional battery management systems monitor only single cell or use specific series/parallel connections, then the system complexity is reduced, but the effective battery management and protection for high voltage battery packs cannot be performed
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system implements a universal monitoring architecture where the microcontroller handles multiple functions: reading voltage from multiple voltage measurement circuits, reading current from current sampling circuits, reading temperature from temperature sampling circuits, calculating state of charge, and providing protection for each cell. This multi-functional design enables the system to manage high voltage battery packs effectively without requiring separate specialized systems for different battery configurations.
3Measurement precision
If the battery management system calculates present battery powers based on open circuit voltage parameters and temperature parameters, then the initial state-of-charge parameters are obtained accurately, but the calculation requires multiple parameters and processing steps
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary measurements by obtaining open circuit voltage parameters and temperature parameters before calculating the state of charge. The microcontroller first reads the open circuit voltage from voltage measurement circuits and temperature from temperature sampling circuits, then uses these pre-obtained parameters as inputs for the state of charge calculation algorithm, improving accuracy by ensuring measurements are taken under appropriate conditions before computation.
Data Source
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AI summary
A battery management system (100, 500) and a battery management method are provided. The battery management system (100, 500) includes a temperature sampling circuit (130, 530), multiple voltage measurement circuits (120_1 to 120_N, 520_1 to 520_N), a current sampling circuit (140,540), and a microcontroller (110, 510). The temperature sampling circuit (130, 530) obtains a temperature parameter of multiple battery packs (200_1 to 200_N, 600_1 to 600_N). The current sampling circuit (140, 540) is configured to obtain a current parameter of the battery packs (200_1 to 200_N, 600_1 to 600_N). The microcontroller (110, 510) obtains multiple initial state-of-charge parameters of the battery packs (200_1 to 200_N, 600_1 to 600_N) according to the open circuit voltage parameters and the temperature parameter and respectively calculates multiple present battery powers of the battery packs (200_1 to 200_N, 600_1 to 600_N) according to the initial state-of-charge parameters, the temperature parameter, and the current parameter.