Battery Module Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Gas Dispersion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing battery modules face challenges in efficiently venting heat and gas while preventing heat transfer between battery cells, particularly during thermal runaway, which can lead to sparks and flames.

Innovation Solution

A battery module with a dual partition wall gas venting structure featuring alternating first and second gas venting holes and mesh structures on opposing side surfaces, forming two rotation paths for venting gas to prevent direct heat transfer and concentrate discharge across multiple areas.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a single gas venting hole is formed on the end plate, then the structure is simple, but heat is propagated toward neighboring battery cells and gas is not easily discharged

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveventing structure complexityVSAvoidheat discharge efficiency

Core Design Contradiction:

Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The single gas venting hole is segmented into multiple gas venting holes (first gas venting hole and second gas venting hole) positioned at different locations on the end plate. This segmentation allows heat and gas to be discharged through multiple pathways, preventing heat concentration and improving discharge efficiency while maintaining structural simplicity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The venting structure transitions from a single-point discharge to a multi-dimensional distribution of venting holes on the end plate surface. By positioning holes at different spatial locations and orientations, the system achieves three-dimensional heat and gas dispersion, improving discharge efficiency without significantly increasing structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If additional gas venting holes are formed on opposite sides, then heat and gas discharge is improved, but the structure becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveheat and gas discharge efficiencyVSAvoidventing structure complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple gas venting functions are merged into a single integrated end plate structure. The first and second gas venting holes are combined in one component, allowing simultaneous multi-directional discharge of heat and gas without requiring separate venting components, thus improving efficiency while controlling structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The end plate is designed with multi-functionality, serving both as a structural closure and as a multi-point gas venting system. The same component achieves both mechanical sealing and thermal management functions through strategically positioned venting holes, reducing the need for additional specialized parts.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If gas venting holes are positioned to maximize discharge, then gas discharge is improved, but heat is still propagated toward neighboring battery cells

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvegas discharge rateVSAvoidheat propagation to neighboring cells

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The gas venting holes are positioned asymmetrically on the end plate rather than in a symmetric pattern. This asymmetric arrangement optimizes the discharge pathways for both gas and heat, directing them away from neighboring battery cells while maintaining high discharge rates. The non-uniform positioning creates more effective ventilation channels.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the end plate are assigned different functions through localized variations in hole positioning and sizing. Areas closer to battery cells have venting holes positioned to minimize heat exposure, while other regions prioritize gas discharge efficiency. This local optimization balances both requirements.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enhances heat emission efficiency and blocks the discharge of sparks or embers, minimizing thermal runaway risks by smoothly dispersing heat and gas without concentrating on specific battery cells.

Implementation Method 1

a gas venting structure is formed on at least one side surface of the module case... a first mesh structure which covers the first gas venting hole; and a second mesh structure which covers the second gas venting hole

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectFiltration: Filter (physical)

Data Source

PatentUS12476324B2Battery module having improved gas venting structure, and battery pack including same

Publication Date: 2025.11.18 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD

AI summary

A battery module has an improved gas venting structure, and a battery pack including the same. Heat emission efficiency of a battery cell can be improved, and the outflow of sparks or embers can be blocked even when a thermal runaway of a battery cell occurs by forming a bracket formed at a position where mesh structures are alternately formed, at an inside a plate where mesh structures are formed.