Battery Module Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Gas Control

The battery module divides the battery pack into multiple independent battery cell groups, each group being a separate functional unit. This segmentation allows isolation of potential failure modes, so that a short circuit or thermal runaway in one group does not directly propagate to other groups, thereby maintaining reliability while achieving high operating voltage through series connection of multiple groups.

The patent introduces a battery module as an intermediary component between individual battery cells and the battery pack. This module-level structure includes dedicated management circuits, thermal management components, and protective mechanisms that act as mediators to monitor and control each series-connected group, preventing harmful effects from spreading while maintaining the high voltage configuration.

The battery system is segmented into multiple battery modules, where each module contains a specific number of battery cells arranged in series. This modular segmentation creates physical and functional boundaries that limit thermal propagation, as heat and potential thermal runaway are contained within individual modules rather than affecting the entire battery pack simultaneously.

The modular battery module design incorporates beforehand cushioning by including thermal management components, protective barriers, and isolation structures within each module before assembly. These preventive measures are built into the module structure in advance, creating buffers that absorb or redirect thermal energy before it can propagate to adjacent modules, thus controlling thermal propagation while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure.

The battery module design implements local quality by providing targeted thermal management solutions at critical locations within the module. Instead of implementing a complex cooling system throughout the entire battery pack, the design focuses heat dissipation resources on specific high-heat-generation areas such as cell terminals and connection points, achieving effective temperature control where most needed while keeping manufacturing costs low.

The modular battery module design enables self-service thermal management where each module is independently equipped with basic heat dissipation capabilities through its structure and materials. The module design allows passive heat dissipation through material selection and geometric configuration, reducing the need for active cooling systems and complex manufacturing processes, thereby maintaining low manufacturing costs while achieving adequate temperature control performance.