Stepwise Battery Module Precharge for Inrush Current Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

High voltage direct current systems with large capacitive loads experience excessive inrush current during initial power-up, leading to stress and potential damage to components, and post-discharge processes are inefficient in managing application bus voltage during shutdown, resulting in deleterious effects.

Innovation Solution

A bypassable battery module system that activates and bypasses battery modules in a stepwise manner to precharge and post-discharge an application bus, reducing the voltage difference and inrush current, thereby minimizing ohmic heating and power loss, and allowing for smaller, less costly precharge circuitry components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional precharge circuitry is used to limit inrush current, then component stress is reduced, but the precharge circuitry becomes larger and more costly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent stress reductionVSAvoidprecharge circuitry size and cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The battery system is divided into multiple modular battery packs that can be independently activated. During precharge, the controller enables battery packs in a stepwise manner rather than all at once, segmenting the inrush current limitation process into discrete stages. This eliminates the need for large, expensive traditional precharge circuitry while still protecting components from stress.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Speed

If all battery packs are activated simultaneously during power-up, then system startup is faster, but excessive inrush current damages components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem startup speedVSAvoidinrush current damage
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The controller performs preliminary assessment of battery pack states before full activation. It identifies which battery packs are ready and enables them in a controlled sequence, performing the necessary current limitation action in advance of full system activation. This allows fast startup while preventing inrush current damage through pre-planned sequential enabling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If application bus voltage is discharged quickly during shutdown, then energy recovery is faster, but high voltage stress damages components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy recovery speedVSAvoidvoltage stress damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The controller implements periodic action by discharging the application bus voltage in controlled intervals rather than continuously. It enables battery packs in sequence during shutdown, allowing the bus to discharge through each enabled pack over time. This periodic discharge approach recovers energy efficiently while limiting voltage stress on components through the stepped process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The stepwise activation and bypassing of battery modules in the bypassable battery module system effectively reduce inrush current, minimize power loss due to ohmic heating, and prevent damage to system components, while enabling smaller and less expensive precharge circuitry, thus enhancing the efficiency and reliability of precharge and post-discharge operations.

Implementation Method 1

A bypassable battery module system that activates and bypasses battery modules in a stepwise manner to precharge and post-discharge an application bus

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBattery (electricity): Battery (electricity)

Implementation Method 2

reducing the voltage difference and inrush current, thereby minimizing ohmic heating and power loss

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOhmic heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3732767B1Stepwise battery module precharge and post-discharge of high voltage battery systems
Publication Date: 2023.12.13 SAFT AMERICA INC
  • EP3732767B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3732767B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3732767B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

A method may include activating two or more bypassable battery modules in succession through a current-limiting circuit to precharge an application bus from a power source.