Battery Module Heat Insulation Layout for Thermal Runaway Blocking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery modules face limitations in effectively preventing heat and high-temperature particle diffusion between battery cells and bus bar plates, leading to potential fires and explosions, and they fail to maintain efficient cooling performance due to unblocked spaces.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of a first heat insulator in the form of a heat insulation pad between individual battery cells and a second heat insulator made of a thermally expandable material between electrode leads to block heat and high-temperature particle movement, utilizing a silicone material for the first insulator and expanding paper for the second to seal open spaces at critical temperatures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If heat insulation pads are disposed between individual battery cells, then heat and high-temperature particle diffusion between battery cells is reduced, but open spaces remain between bus bar plate and battery cells allowing heat diffusion
Solution Approach 1:
The heat insulation solution is divided into two separate components: first heat insulators (pads) positioned between battery cells, and second heat insulators positioned between electrode leads and bus bar plate. This segmentation allows each component to address specific heat diffusion paths independently, ensuring comprehensive coverage without compromising cooling performance.
Solution Approach 2:
Second heat insulators made of thermally expandable material serve as intermediary components between the electrode leads and bus bar plate. These intermediaries block heat diffusion paths that would otherwise connect battery cells to the bus bar plate through open spaces, preventing fire and explosion propagation.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If thermally expandable material is used for second heat insulator, then heat blocking capability is improved at high temperature, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The second heat insulators utilize thermally expandable material whose physical parameters (volume, density) change in response to temperature variations. At normal operating temperatures, the material maintains a compact state that allows cooling air flow. When exposed to fire or explosion temperatures, the material expands to block heat diffusion paths, providing adaptive protection without requiring complex control systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively reduces the risk of fires and explosions by blocking heat and high-temperature particles, while maintaining cooling performance through air passage in normal temperature ranges.
Implementation Method 1
a first heat insulator of a heat insulation pad type disposed between individual battery cells
Implementation Method 2
a second heat insulator made of a thermally expandable material and placed between individual electrode leads
Data Source
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AI summary
There is disclosed a battery module including a first heat insulator formed in an insulation pad shape and disposed between battery cells; and a second heat insulator disposed between electrode leads and made of a material having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the first heat insulator, thereby blocking heat and high-temperature particles from moving between the respective battery cells and a bus bar plate and effectively reducing a risk of fires and explosions.