Battery Module Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Gas Discharge
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery modules and packs face challenges in effectively dissipating heat and venting gases, leading to potential overheating, deterioration, and increased risk of explosion or ignition, especially in high-temperature conditions.
Innovation Solution
A battery module design featuring a module frame with venting holes, a spacer assembly, and end plates that include a support part and spacers to create a venting path, ensuring structural robustness and safe discharge of gases.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If multiple battery cells are stacked to increase output capacity, then the energy storage and power output are improved, but heat dissipation becomes more difficult and temperature rises excessively
Solution Approach 1:
The battery module is divided into multiple battery cell stacks arranged in parallel, with each stack being an independent unit with its own cooling channels. This segmentation allows heat from each stack to be dissipated independently, preventing heat accumulation in a single large structure while maintaining high overall output capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
A cooling plate is introduced as an intermediary component between the battery cell stacks and the cooling fluid flow paths. The cooling plate conducts heat away from the battery cells and transfers it to the cooling fluid, facilitating efficient heat dissipation without requiring direct contact between battery cells and cooling systems.
2Quantity of substance
If battery modules are concentratedly arranged to increase vehicle mileage, then the energy density is improved, but flame or heat propagation between adjacent modules increases
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is segmented into multiple independent battery modules, each enclosed in a separate housing with fire-resistant materials. These modular units are arranged with thermal insulation barriers between them, allowing high energy density through close packing while preventing flame propagation between adjacent modules through the segmented fire-resistant structure.
3Reliability
If venting holes are added to discharge high-temperature gas and flames, then safety is improved, but structural robustness may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
Venting holes and fire-resistant treatments are applied locally at specific critical positions where thermal runaway risks are highest, rather than uniformly across the entire structure. This localized approach provides safety functionality where most needed while preserving the overall structural robustness of the battery module housing.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery module housing incorporates composite materials that combine structural strength with fire-resistant and heat-resistant properties. These composite materials maintain structural robustness while providing inherent fire protection and controlled venting capabilities, eliminating the need to compromise strength for safety features.
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a battery module and a battery pack including the same, and the battery module capable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a module frame housing the battery cell stack; and end plates covering the front and rear surfaces of the battery cell stack, wherein the module frame is positioned while covering the battery cell stack, and includes an upper cover containing a plurality of holes, which are venting holes, and wherein a spacer assembly is positioned on the upper cover.