Battery Pack Balancing Management System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery packs, such as lead-acid battery packs, suffer from reduced lifetime due to unbalances between battery cells and modules, leading to premature damage and reduced efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that includes multiple controllers and balancing circuits to monitor and adjust voltages of battery cells and modules, using both passive and active balancing modes to maintain balance and protect against damage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If multiple battery cells are coupled in series to increase voltage and capacity, then the power supply capability is improved, but the risk of unbalance between cells increases, leading to reduced reliability
Solution Approach 1:
The battery management system is segmented into multiple independent balancing units, with each unit responsible for monitoring and balancing specific battery cells. This segmentation allows individual cell management while maintaining overall system functionality, preventing unbalance propagation and improving reliability without limiting power capability.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If battery cells are monitored and balanced to maintain voltage balance, then the lifetime and reliability are improved, but the device complexity increases due to additional balancing circuits and controllers
Solution Approach 1:
Each balancing unit is designed as a multi-functional module that can monitor voltage, detect unbalance conditions, and execute balancing operations across different battery modules. This universal design reduces overall system complexity by using identical standardized units rather than custom circuits for each cell, extending battery lifetime through comprehensive monitoring without proportionally increasing complexity.
3Stability of the object's composition
If balancing circuits are added to adjust voltages of battery cells, then the unbalance between cells is reduced, but the manufacturing cost and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The balancing system implements partial balancing by focusing on detecting and correcting unbalance conditions only when they exceed predetermined thresholds, rather than continuously adjusting all cells. This approach maintains voltage balance stability while avoiding unnecessary circuit operations, reducing effective complexity without compromising balance maintenance.
4Duration of action of stationary object
If comprehensive monitoring and balancing of all battery cells is implemented, then the battery lifetime is extended, but the energy consumption and system complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The balancing system operates periodically based on detected unbalance conditions rather than continuously. Controllers monitor cell voltages and activate balancing circuits only when unbalance exceeds thresholds, then periodically check and adjust as needed. This periodic operation extends battery lifetime through comprehensive monitoring while minimizing energy consumption by avoiding continuous active balancing.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management system for a battery pack comprising multiple battery modules is disclosed. Each of the battery modules includes multiple battery cells. The battery management system includes multiple first balancing units, multiple first controllers, a second balancing unit including multiple second balancing circuits, and a second controller coupled to the battery modules and the second balancing circuits. The first controllers are operable for controlling the first balancing units to adjust voltages of battery cells in the battery module if an unbalance occurs between the battery cells. The second controller is operable for controlling said second balancing circuits to adjust voltages of said battery modules if an unbalance occurs between battery modules.