Battery Pack Venting With Centrifugal Particle Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium-ion battery packs face safety risks due to poor exhaust and potential fires caused by the difficulty in separating particulate matter from flue gas during thermal runaway, as existing filters are prone to clogging or ineffective in intercepting high-temperature particulates.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design incorporating a gas-solid separation flow channel on the upper cover that uses centrifugal force to separate gas from particulate matter, eliminating the need for a separate filter and ensuring effective particulate capture without clogging, thereby enhancing safety and reducing the risk of external fires.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a filter is used to block high-temperature particulates, then particulate interception is improved, but the filter is prone to clogging causing poor exhaust
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the harmful particulate matter from the flue gas stream by introducing it into a water pool, where it is captured and separated from the gas phase. This removes the clogging issue inherent in filter-based systems while maintaining effective particulate interception.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces water as an intermediary substance between the flue gas and the exhaust system. The water acts as a mediator that captures particulates through impingement and dissolution, preventing them from clogging the exhaust pathway while still achieving effective separation.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If the pore size of the filter is excessively small, then particulate blocking is improved, but exhaust performance deteriorates due to clogging
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical filtration system with a hydrodynamic separation system. Instead of relying on mechanical pore structures that clog, the system uses water flow dynamics to capture and remove particulates, maintaining high exhaust performance while achieving effective blocking.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical state and parameters of the separation medium from solid filter material with fixed pore sizes to liquid water with adjustable flow rates and depths. This parameter change enables flexible optimization of both particulate capture and exhaust performance without the clogging limitations of fixed-structure filters.
3Productivity
If the pore size of the filter is excessively large, then exhaust performance is improved, but particulate interception becomes ineffective
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts particulates from the gas stream through direct impingement into water, achieving effective interception without relying on restrictive pore structures. This allows for open, high-performance exhaust pathways while maintaining comprehensive particulate capture.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If a filter is added to block particulates, then safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the particulate separation function with the existing exhaust system by integrating a water pool into the exhaust pathway. This combination achieves fire safety enhancement without adding separate complex filtration systems, as the water pool serves both cooling and particulate capture functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses water as an intermediary that simultaneously provides fire suppression, particulate capture, and heat absorption functions. This single intermediary substance addresses multiple safety concerns without requiring multiple separate systems, thereby reducing overall device complexity while improving safety performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a simplified structure, improved safety performance, and reduced costs by effectively separating gas and particulate matter within the battery pack, preventing particulate ejection and potential fires, while maintaining reliable gas-solid separation without filter clogging.
Implementation Method 1
a gas-solid separation flow channel adapted to centrifugally separate gas from particulate matter in flue gas flowing through the gas-solid separation flow channel
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
Figure 5~6
AI summary
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular, relates to a battery pack. A box body (1) and an upper cover (2) are included, and box body (1) has a cell installation compartment (11) and an exhaust compartment (12). The upper cover (2) covers the box body (1) and has a gas-solid separation flow channel (221) adapted to centrifugally separate gas from particulate matter in flue gas flowing through the gas-solid separation flow channel (221). A gas inlet (222) of the gas-solid separation flow channel (221) communicates with the cell installation compartment (11), and a gas outlet (223) of the gas-solid separation flow channel (221) communicates with the exhaust compartment (12).