Battery Pack Cyclone Venting for Thermal Runaway Particle Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Secondary batteries can experience thermal runaway due to internal short circuits, leading to rapid temperature rise, case opening, and release of flammable fluids and particles that can ignite and expose flames outside the battery cell, posing safety risks.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design incorporating cyclone portions and discharge structures to separate and discharge particles and fluids generated during thermal runaway, using centrifugal force to capture particles and control fluid discharge, reducing external ignition risks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If particles are captured during thermal runaway, then ignition risk is reduced, but device complexity increases due to the need for cyclone portions and discharge structures
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into distinct functional zones: a receiving space for battery cells, a cyclone portion for particle-fluid separation, and a discharge portion for controlled discharge. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function efficiently while maintaining overall system reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The cyclone portion acts as an intermediary device between the receiving space and the discharge portion. It mediates the separation of particles from the fluid using centrifugal force, preventing direct discharge of ignitable particles while allowing controlled fluid discharge, thus reducing ignition risk without requiring complex additional systems.
2Reliability
If flame exposure to outside is prevented, then safety is improved, but fluid discharge capability may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful particles are extracted from the fluid stream through the cyclone portion's centrifugal separation mechanism. This extraction allows the fluid to be discharged separately through the discharge hole while particles are captured and retained, preventing flame exposure without compromising fluid discharge capability.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the discharge structure have different functions: the cyclone portion is optimized for particle separation, while the discharge portion is optimized for fluid discharge. This local differentiation of quality allows simultaneous achievement of safety (particle retention) and productivity (fluid discharge).
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design effectively separates and discharges particles and fluids, minimizing the exposure of flames to the outside, enhancing battery pack stability and safety.
Implementation Method 1
a first cyclone portion connected to the pack case and the discharge portion and causing the receiving space to communicate with the discharge space via the first through-hole and the first body hole
Implementation Method 2
the first cyclone portion may include a first cyclone space in communication with the receiving space and the discharge space
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, a pack case forming a receiving space for receiving the plurality of battery cells, a first through-hole penetrating one surface of the pack case, a discharge portion located on the one surface of the pack case, and a first cyclone portion. The discharge portion includes a discharge body forming a discharge space therein, a discharge hole penetrating the discharge body to cause the discharge space to communicate with an outside, and a first body hole penetrating the discharge body. The first cyclone portion is connected to the pack case and the discharge portion and causes the receiving space to communicate with the discharge space via the first through-hole and the first body hole.