Battery Pack Fire Extinguishing System with Perforated Plate Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-output secondary battery packs face challenges in heat dissipation, leading to potential malfunctions and safety risks due to abnormal heating, particularly in hybrid electric vehicle applications, where improper heat management can cause temperature rises and degrade battery performance.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack with a fire extinguishing system that includes a housing, a battery module, an agent storage unit for a fire extinguishing agent, a first perforated plate with opening holes to distribute the agent, and a fan to discharge the agent outside, minimizing thermal diffusion and preventing chain explosions by injecting the agent between battery cells when abnormal temperatures are detected.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a fire extinguishing system is added to the battery pack, then safety and thermal diffusion control are improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing system is nested within the existing battery pack structure. The agent storage unit is positioned within the housing, and the injection system utilizes the existing spatial arrangement of battery cells. The perforated plate is integrated into the connection passages between battery cells, allowing the fire extinguishing functionality to be embedded within the existing structural framework rather than adding external components.
Solution Approach 2:
The housing structure serves multiple functions: it contains the battery modules, provides structural support, and simultaneously acts as the containment vessel for the fire extinguishing agent storage unit. The connection passages between battery cells serve both electrical/connection purposes and as injection channels for the fire extinguishing agent, eliminating the need for separate dedicated injection pathways.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If fire extinguishing agent is injected between battery cells, then thermal diffusion control is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing agent is injected locally at specific connection passages between battery cells rather than uniformly throughout the entire battery pack. The perforated plate is positioned to target specific areas where thermal diffusion is most likely to occur, allowing concentrated agent delivery at critical locations. This localized injection approach is more effective than general spraying and reduces the complexity of distributing agent throughout the entire pack.
Solution Approach 2:
The perforated plate acts as an intermediary component that facilitates the injection of fire extinguishing agent between battery cells. It receives the agent from the storage unit and distributes it through multiple small holes into the connection passages, enabling controlled delivery without requiring complex injection mechanisms directly at each battery cell interface.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If fan is added to discharge fire extinguishing agent outside housing, then thermal diffusion prevention is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The potentially harmful hot air and thermal diffusion products are extracted from the battery pack enclosure by the fan and discharged to the external environment. This prevents the accumulation and spread of heat within the housing. The fan is positioned to draw air from the housing interior and expel it outward, actively removing thermal energy and preventing thermal diffusion within the battery pack structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system rapidly controls thermal diffusion and minimizes damage from chain explosions by uniformly distributing the fire extinguishing agent, stabilizing the battery pack temperature and preventing external thermal diffusion.
Implementation Method 1
an agent storage unit storing a fire extinguishing agent and injecting the fire extinguishing agent into the housing when an abnormal temperature is detected at the battery module
Implementation Method 2
a fan discharging the fire extinguishing agent injected into the housing to the outside thereof
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes a fire extinguishing system. The battery pack includes: a housing; a battery module in the housing and including a plurality of spaced apart battery cells; an agent storage unit storing a fire extinguishing agent and injecting the fire extinguishing agent into the housing when an abnormal temperature is detected; a first perforated plate at a side of an inflow passage of the housing where the fire extinguishing agent flows from the agent storage unit to the housing, including a plurality of first opening holes for passing the fire extinguishing agent and guiding the fire extinguishing agent to a connection passage between the respective battery cells, and uniformly distributing the fire extinguishing agent injected into the connection passage from the inflow passage through the plurality of first opening holes; and a fan discharging the fire extinguishing agent injected into the housing to the outside thereof.