Battery Pack Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Gas Diffusion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery pack designs face challenges in effectively releasing high-temperature gas generated during thermal runaway, leading to potential fires or explosions due to localized heat buildup and inadequate pressure relief.
Innovation Solution
The battery pack incorporates a support beam that divides the casing into compartments, with connecting channels between the support beam and the casing bottom, allowing high-temperature gas to diffuse between compartments. Additionally, pressure relief ports and channels on the casing facilitate the sequential release of gas to the exterior.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a guide channel is set at the bottom of the casing with a pressure relief valve on the lateral wall, then pressure relief can be achieved, but the guide channel limits the diffusion range of high-temperature gas causing local temperature to rise too high
Solution Approach 1:
The support beam divides the interior space of the casing into multiple compartments, segmenting the single large space into smaller sections. This segmentation allows high-temperature gas to diffuse through connecting channels between compartments, preventing concentration in one location and reducing local temperature rise while maintaining pressure relief effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a new spatial dimension for gas diffusion by creating connecting channels between compartments formed by the support beam. This transforms the gas flow from a two-dimensional path along a single guide channel to a three-dimensional diffusion path through multiple compartments, expanding the diffusion range and reducing localized heat accumulation.
2Reliability
If the high-temperature gas is confined to a limited path, then pressure relief can be controlled, but the accumulated gas causes local temperature to rise too high resulting in poor cooling effects
Solution Approach 1:
The support beam segments the casing interior into multiple compartments with connecting channels between them. This segmentation structure maintains controlled pressure relief while enabling gas to diffuse through multiple compartments, increasing the cooling surface area and improving heat dissipation efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The connecting channels act as intermediaries between compartments, allowing high-temperature gas to pass through multiple compartments on its way to the pressure relief valve. This intermediary path increases the distance and surface area for heat transfer, enhancing cooling effects while maintaining pressure relief control.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances safety by preventing heat concentration, providing a cooling effect, and effectively reducing the risk of explosions, thereby improving the overall safety performance of the battery pack.
Implementation Method 1
A connecting channel is formed between the bottom of the support beam and the inner bottom face of the casing. The connecting channel connects two adjacent compartments... allowing high-temperature gas to promptly diffuse
Implementation Method 2
a pressure relief port is disposed on a lateral wall of the casing... the battery pack is configured to allow high-temperature gas generated by thermal runaway of any of the plurality of battery cells to sequentially pass through a corresponding compartment, the pressure relief port, and the pressure relief channel, and be released to an exterior of the casing
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes multiple battery cells, a casing, and multiple battery modules. A support beam is disposed in the casing. The support beam divides the interior space of the casing into multiple compartments. A connecting channel is formed between the bottom of the support beam and the inner bottom face of the casing. The connecting channel connects two adjacent compartments. Each battery module is disposed in a corresponding compartment.