Battery Pack Self-Discharge Circuit for Cell Imbalance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Batteries connected in series face cell imbalance issues during charging, where a lower-capacity battery can prevent full charging, leading to performance degradation, and conventional solutions require complex circuitry or low-voltage charging, which is not energy efficient.

Innovation Solution

A device and method that reduces the charging current of overcharged batteries by incorporating a self-discharge mechanism using a switching element, resistance element, and voltage-detecting element, allowing current leakage and balancing capacity among batteries.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If batteries are connected in series to achieve high voltage, then efficiency increases and cost decreases, but cell imbalance occurs during charging causing performance degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovevoltageVSAvoidcharging performance
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the series-connected battery system into individually monitorable units by introducing separate voltage detection circuits for each battery. This segmentation allows independent tracking of each battery's voltage state, enabling the system to identify and manage cell imbalance issues without affecting the entire series chain.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a controller as an intermediary component that receives voltage signals from detection circuits and manages the charging process. This mediator coordinates the charging current distribution among series-connected batteries, preventing overcharging of individual cells while maintaining overall system efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If conventional charging methods are used for series-connected batteries, then charging simplicity is maintained, but cell imbalance causes the overall battery capacity to be limited by the weakest cell

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging simplicityVSAvoidbattery capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where voltage detection circuits continuously monitor each battery's voltage during charging and provide real-time signals to the controller. The controller adjusts charging current based on this feedback, ensuring that no single battery becomes the limiting factor while maintaining automated operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamic current management where the charging current is automatically adjusted based on the real-time voltage states of individual batteries. This dynamic approach allows the system to optimize charging speed for each battery according to its specific state, maximizing overall capacity without manual intervention.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Reliability

If batteries are charged separately to full capacity, then cell imbalance is avoided, but low voltage charging requires energy-inefficient conversion from high voltage AC power source

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery balanceVSAvoidcharging energy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the voltage parameter management approach by maintaining high voltage series connection during charging while using detection circuits and controllers to dynamically adjust current distribution. This allows efficient high-voltage charging while preventing cell imbalance, eliminating the need for inefficient low-voltage charging conversion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Effectively alleviates cell imbalance by decreasing the charging current of overcharged batteries and increasing it for undercharged ones, achieving balanced charging without complex circuitry or low-voltage inefficiencies.

Implementation Method 1

a voltage-detecting element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage detection: Electric Field

Implementation Method 2

a switching element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction control: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

a resistance element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP2158659B1Rechargeable battery assembly and power system using same
Publication Date: 2020.11.18 CHANG
  • EP2158659B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1c
  • EP2158659B1 patent drawingFigure 1d~1e
  • EP2158659B1 patent drawingFigure 2a

AI summary

A rechargeable battery, battery set or battery pack having a circuit or a plurality of circuits for providing self-discharging thereof electrically connected in parallel are used to form rechargeable battery assemblies and electric power supply systems for use in electric and hybrid vehicles and the like.