Battery Pack Venting Duct Filtration for Spark Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery packs with multiple lithium secondary batteries face increased damage risk due to fires and explosions, as high-temperature sparks and electrode active materials can leak out during venting, potentially igniting oxygen and causing further fires.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design featuring a duct with a mesh filter to rapidly discharge venting gas and prevent high-temperature sparks from leaking, combined with a mica fire-proof sheet and spark direction changing portions to contain sparks and prevent oxygen inflow, ensuring safe discharge and minimizing fire risk.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If venting gas is rapidly discharged to reduce internal pressure, then fire risk from pressure buildup is reduced, but high-temperature sparks containing electrode active material and metal particles may leak to the outside and ignite oxygen
Solution Approach 1:
A filter is introduced as an intermediary component in the venting path. The filter allows venting gas to pass through rapidly to reduce internal pressure while simultaneously capturing and retaining high-temperature sparks containing electrode active material and metal particles, preventing them from leaking outside to ignite oxygen.
Solution Approach 2:
The filter creates a barrier that maintains an inert environment outside the battery pack by preventing sparks from contacting external oxygen. The filter material and structure are designed to withstand high temperatures while blocking combustible particles, effectively creating a protective inert barrier during venting events.
2Ease of manufacture
If the battery pack structure is simplified to reduce manufacturing cost, then manufacturing efficiency improves, but the ability to prevent oxygen inflow and contain sparks is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The filter is implemented as a thin-film or mesh structure that can be easily integrated into the existing battery pack design. This flexible implementation approach maintains manufacturing simplicity while providing effective spark containment and oxygen barrier functions, avoiding the need for complex heavy-duty structures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design effectively prevents high-temperature sparks from leaking and external oxygen from entering, reducing the risk of fires and short circuits within the battery pack, even when structures are damaged, by rapidly discharging venting gas and blocking oxygen inflow.
Implementation Method 1
the duct cover including a filter having a mesh structure
Implementation Method 2
a mica fire-proof sheet and spark direction changing portions to contain sparks
Implementation Method 3
when discharge pressure of the venting gas is less than a certain level, oxygen may be introduced into the battery pack
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes a sub-pack including a plurality of battery modules that are located adjacent to one another; a duct coupled to a side of the sub-pack in a width direction of the sub-pack; and a duct cover covering a duct opening portion formed on a side of the duct in a longitudinal direction of the duct, the duct cover including a filter having a mesh structure.