Battery Pack Spraying Pipeline for Thermal Runaway Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
The frequent safety accidents in electric vehicles due to spontaneous combustion of batteries, where high-energy density unit batteries release high-temperature heat flows that can cause adjacent batteries to burn, posing a risk to passenger safety.
Innovation Solution
A spraying system for battery packs that includes a heated spraying pipeline capable of forming an opening to discharge fire-fighting fluid, driven by compressed gas stored in a gas storage portion, to prevent heat flow spread and include a liquid storage portion for continuous fluid discharge.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the spraying pipeline is heated to form an opening for fluid discharge, then the fire-fighting fluid can be discharged to prevent heat flow spread, but the pipeline structure becomes more complex and requires additional heating control mechanisms
Solution Approach 1:
The spraying pipeline is pre-heated before the battery thermal runaway occurs, so that when thermal runaway happens, the pipeline can immediately form an opening and discharge fire-fighting fluid without delay. This preliminary heating action ensures rapid response while avoiding the need for complex real-time heating control mechanisms during emergency.
Solution Approach 2:
The system utilizes the heat from the battery thermal runaway itself to heat the spraying pipeline and form the opening. The exothermic reaction of the battery provides the necessary thermal energy to melt the pipeline material, eliminating the need for external heating devices and simplifying the overall system structure.
2Productivity
If compressed gas is used to drive fire-fighting fluid discharge, then the flow rate can be maintained at a high level for effective cooling, but the gas storage system adds to the overall device complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The compressed gas storage system is integrated with the existing battery pack structure, utilizing available spaces within the battery housing. The gas storage portion is combined with the spraying pipeline system, eliminating the need for separate external gas storage units and reducing overall device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs compressed gas pressure to drive the fire-fighting fluid through the spraying pipeline at high flow rates. This pneumatic-driven approach ensures rapid and effective fluid discharge for cooling the battery, maintaining high productivity without requiring complex mechanical pumping systems.
3Temperature
If the spraying pipeline forms an opening through heating, then fluid can be discharged to absorb heat flow, but the pipeline material must withstand high temperatures which limits material selection
Solution Approach 1:
The pipeline material is selected to undergo a controlled phase change or softening at a specific temperature threshold. When exposed to the heat from battery thermal runaway, the material transitions from a solid state to a softened or melted state, allowing it to form an opening. This parameter-based approach enables the use of materials that are easier to manufacture while still providing the necessary heat resistance up to the transition point.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents the spread of heat flows from thermal runaway in batteries by continuously discharging fire-fighting fluid, enhancing safety by maintaining a high flow rate and ensuring effective heat absorption and diffusion control.
Implementation Method 1
the compressed gas in the first gas storage portion is capable of driving the fire-fighting fluid in the spraying pipeline to be discharged under the action of gas pressure
Implementation Method 2
the spraying pipeline being capable of forming an opening after being heated
Implementation Method 3
Effectively prevents the spread of heat flows from thermal runaway in batteries by continuously discharging fire-fighting fluid, enhancing safety by maintaining a high flow rate and ensuring effective heat absorption and diffusion control
Data Source
AI summary
The present application provides a battery pack and a spraying system thereof. The spraying system comprises: a spraying pipeline configured to circulate a fire-fighting fluid circulation, the spraying pipeline being capable of forming an opening after being heated; and a first gas storage portion configured to store a compressed gas, where the compressed gas in the first gas storage portion is capable of driving the fire-fighting fluid in the spraying pipeline to be discharged under the action of gas pressure. In the present application, the gas pressure of the compressed gas in the first gas storage portion can provide the power for discharging the fire-fighting fluid from the opening of the spraying pipeline, such that the fire-fighting fluid can be continuously discharged from the spraying pipeline, and there is a large flow rate in the discharging process, so as to ensure that the spraying system has a good spraying effect.