Battery Pack Insulation Panel for Thermal Runaway Vent Blocking
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Solution Overview
Problem
In energy storage systems, thermal runaway in one battery pack can lead to rapid heat transfer and secondary fires due to inadequate fire prevention and heat insulation between closely arranged battery packs, causing chain thermal runaway reactions and increased risk of accidents.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design incorporating a heat insulation panel with an elastic heat insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer, which compresses to maintain ventilation channels during normal operation but expands to fill gaps and prevent heat spread during thermal runaway, slowing down heat transfer and increasing escape and rescue time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If heat insulation performance is improved between battery packs, then thermal runaway propagation is reduced, but heat dissipation performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The heat insulation panel uses an elastic heat insulation layer that can dynamically change its state between compressed (thin) and restored (thick). During normal operation, the panel remains compressed to maintain ventilation and heat dissipation. When thermal runaway occurs, the panel automatically restores to provide thick heat insulation, thus adapting to different operational conditions to resolve the contradiction between heat insulation and heat dissipation.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the thickness parameter of the heat insulation panel dynamically. By compressing the elastic heat insulation layer during normal operation, the panel thickness is reduced to allow heat dissipation. When thermal runaway temperature is detected, the compression is released and the panel thickness increases to provide heat insulation, thus resolving the contradiction through parameter change.
2Temperature
If ventilation channels are maintained for heat dissipation, then heat dissipation performance is improved, but thermal runaway insulation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The heat insulation panel dynamically adjusts its position and thickness based on operational conditions. During normal operation, the compressed panel maintains ventilation channels for heat dissipation. When thermal runaway occurs, the panel automatically expands to fill and block the ventilation channels, preventing thermal runaway propagation while maintaining heat dissipation during normal operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The heat insulation panel uses the thermal runaway temperature itself as the trigger mechanism. When the battery pack reaches thermal runaway temperature, the heat insulation panel automatically restores from compressed state to block ventilation channels, using the harmful thermal energy to activate the protective function without requiring external control systems.
3Reliability
If the heat insulation panel is made thick to prevent heat spread, then thermal runaway insulation is improved, but device complexity and space occupation increase
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a permanently thick heat insulation panel that would occupy space and increase complexity, the invention uses a compressed elastic heat insulation layer that only expands to thick configuration when needed. This dynamic approach provides thick heat insulation only during thermal runaway events while maintaining a compact form during normal operation, thus reducing overall device complexity and space occupation.
Solution Approach 2:
The elastic heat insulation layer is nested within the housing structure and compressed between the energy storage module and the housing. This nesting approach allows the heat insulation panel to be integrated into the existing battery pack structure without adding significant complexity or occupying additional space, while still providing effective heat insulation when expanded.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively balances heat dissipation and thermal runaway insulation, controlling inner wall temperatures below 150°C for at least 10 minutes and delaying chain fire propagation, thereby enhancing safety and response time for active fire extinguishing.
Implementation Method 1
the outer packaging layer wraps the outside of the heat insulation layer and is configured to compress a thickness of the elastic heat insulation layer
Implementation Method 2
the outer packaging layer is configured to release compression of the elastic heat insulation layer when the energy storage module reaches a thermal runaway temperature, so that the elastic heat insulation layer is elastically restored to a free state
Implementation Method 3
slowing down a speed at which heat passes through a side panel and spreads to the outside of the battery pack along the ventilation channel
Implementation Method 4
the heat insulation panel includes a heat insulation layer and an outer packaging layer, the heat insulation layer includes an elastic heat insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer
Data Source
AI summary
The energy storage module of the battery pack is located in the housing, the heat insulation panel is located between the energy storage module and the housing, the heat insulation panel includes a heat insulation layer and an outer packaging layer. The outer packaging layer wraps the outside of the heat insulation layer and compresses a thickness of the elastic heat, insulation layer, and a ventilation channel is formed between the heat insulation panel and the energy storage module. The outer packaging layer is configured to release compression of the elastic heat insulation layer when the energy storage module reaches a thermal runaway temperature, and the heat insulation panel is filled between the housing and the energy storage module, thereby slowing down a speed at which heat passes through a side panel and spreads to the outside of the battery pack along the ventilation channel.