Detachable Battery Pack Venting for Thermal Runaway Gas Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium secondary battery packs face challenges in heat dissipation, leading to potential thermal runaway and increased risk of explosion, especially in large-sized modules used in vehicles, where high temperatures can accelerate battery degradation and pose safety hazards.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design incorporating a detachable venting device with a venting member that can be easily attached and detached from the pack housing, allowing for efficient discharge of internal gases and reducing the risk of thermal runaway, while maintaining the pack's sealed state during replacement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a battery module with a large number of battery cells is stacked to improve capacity and output, then the power and energy storage increase, but the heat dissipation becomes more difficult and temperature rises excessively
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into multiple battery modules, each with its own venting device. This segmentation allows heat and gas to be managed at the module level rather than requiring the entire pack to be opened, enabling better thermal management while maintaining high power output from multiple cells.
Solution Approach 2:
A venting member is introduced as an intermediary component between the battery module and the external environment. This venting member provides a controlled pathway for gas discharge and thermal runaway containment without requiring access to the internal battery cells, thus maintaining power output while managing temperature risks.
2Reliability
If a venting device is integrated inside the battery pack to discharge gas, then safety against thermal runaway is improved, but the complexity of assembly and maintenance increases
Solution Approach 1:
The venting device is segmented into a fixed portion (integrated with the battery module) and a replaceable venting member. This segmentation allows the safety function to be built-in while simplifying maintenance, as only the venting member needs to be replaced rather than the entire venting system.
Solution Approach 2:
The venting member is extracted as a separate, detachable component from the battery pack housing. This extraction allows the venting function to be maintained for safety while enabling easy removal and replacement of the venting member without disassembling the entire battery pack, thus reducing assembly and maintenance complexity.
3Ease of repair
If the venting member is detachably coupled to the pack housing to allow easy replacement, then ease of maintenance is improved, but the sealing reliability may be compromised
Solution Approach 1:
A sealing member is pre-installed on the venting member before attachment to the pack housing. This preliminary sealing action ensures that when the venting member is detached and reattached, the sealing function is automatically restored without requiring complex sealing procedures, thus maintaining both ease of repair and sealing reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
A sealing member acts as an intermediary element between the venting member and the pack housing. This sealing member provides a reliable seal while allowing the venting member to remain detachable, thus enabling easy replacement while maintaining pack sealing integrity during normal operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances safety by facilitating easy replacement of the venting member, reducing costs, and improving manufacturing efficiency, as it allows for convenient assembly and effective gas discharge without compromising the pack's sealing, thereby mitigating the risks associated with thermal runaway.
Implementation Method 1
a venting member that covers an outlet port at an outer surface of the pack housing, couples to the outer surface of the pack housing, and discharges gas from inside the pack housing to the outside
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack includes a battery module that houses battery cells and discharges gas generated from the battery cells; a pack housing that houses the battery module and is provided with an outlet port for discharging gas discharged from the battery module at one surface thereof; and a venting member that covers the outlet port at an outer surface of the pack housing, couples to the outer surface of the pack housing, and discharges gas inside the pack housing. The venting member is detachably coupled to the outer surface of the pack housing.