Cylindrical Battery Module Pads for Thermal Runaway Containment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery modules are prone to thermal runaway and fire or explosion when subjected to high temperatures, short circuits, or physical stress, leading to dangerous events due to the spread of thermal runaways among densely packed cells, necessitating a solution for fire-spreading prevention and explosion-proofing with heat dissipation and homogeneity.
Innovation Solution
A fire-spreading prevention battery module design featuring cylindrical battery cells wrapped with flame-retardant pads containing gel layers and insulation films, a band-shaped frame with honeycomb slots and electrode plates, and pressure-relieving holes to manage internal pressures, ensuring effective heat dissipation and containment of thermal events.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If battery modules are densely packed with multiple battery cells to increase energy density, then productivity and energy storage capacity are improved, but the risk of thermal runaway spreading to peripheral cells increases, worsening safety and reliability
Solution Approach 1:
The battery module is segmented into multiple independent battery cell units, each surrounded by fire-spreading prevention pads. This segmentation isolates thermal runaways to individual cells, preventing spread to adjacent cells while maintaining high density packing for improved energy storage capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
Fire-spreading prevention pads act as intermediary protective layers between adjacent battery cells. These pads contain gel layers and flame-retardant materials that intercept and contain thermal runaways, serving as mediators that protect peripheral cells from fire spread while allowing close packing for high energy density.
2Reliability
If flame-retardant pads with gel layers and insulation films are added to wrap each battery cell for fire prevention, then fire-spreading prevention and explosion-proof effects are improved, but device complexity and manufacturing complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The fire-spreading prevention pad uses a flexible multi-layer structure consisting of an insulation film, gel layer, and flame-retardant material layer. This flexible thin-film design provides comprehensive fire protection while conforming to the cylindrical battery cell shape, avoiding excessive structural complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire-spreading prevention pad is constructed as a composite material structure with an insulation film layer, gel layer containing flame-retardant material granules, and flame-retardant material layer. This composite structure achieves superior fire-spreading prevention and explosion-proof effects through material composition rather than complex mechanical design.
3Reliability
If heat dissipation structures are added to achieve heat homogeneity and prevent thermal runaway spread, then reliability and fire safety are improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The gel layer within the fire-spreading prevention pad changes its physical parameters in response to temperature variations. The gel absorbs and distributes heat through parameter changes in its thermal conductivity and heat capacity, achieving heat homogeneity and dissipation without requiring additional active cooling components, thus maintaining ease of manufacture.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves a good fire-spreading prevention and explosion-proof effect while providing heat dissipation and homogeneity, preventing flames from spilling out and protecting users and devices from thermal hazards.
Implementation Method 1
the fire-spreading prevention battery module having a heat dissipation effect and a heat homogeneity effect simultaneously
Implementation Method 2
Each fire-spreading prevention pad includes a gel layer, a plurality of flame-retardant material granules distributed in the gel layer
Implementation Method 3
an insulation film wrapping an outside of the gel layer
Implementation Method 4
The plurality of the upper slots are arranged in two longitudinal rows. The plurality of the upper slots are arranged in a honeycomb pattern
Data Source
AI summary
A fire-spreading prevention battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, a plurality of fire-spreading prevention pads, an upper battery frame, a plurality of upper electrode plates, a lower battery frame, a plurality of first lower electrode plates and two second lower electrode plates. Each battery cell is formed in a cylinder shape. Each fire-spreading prevention pad wraps a peripheral surface of one battery cell. The plurality of the upper electrode plates are mounted on an upper surface of the upper battery frame. The plurality of the first lower electrode plates are mounted to a middle of a lower surface of the lower battery frame. The two second lower electrode plates are mounted to two ends of the lower surface of the lower battery frame. The plurality of the first lower electrode plates are arranged between the two second lower electrode plates.