Hydrochloric Acid Battery Powder Dissolution for Higher Throughput
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing method for dissolving battery powder in hydrochloric acid is limited by the small amount that can be dissolved in a single treatment, leading to difficulties in workability and inefficiencies in the process.
Innovation Solution
The method involves creating a hydrochloric acid suspension with a battery powder to hydrogen chloride mass ratio of 50-200% and adjusting the concentration to 150-350 g/L, allowing for continuous treatment and increased dissolution efficiency by using a series of dissolution tanks, with optional roasting steps and the addition of carbon or aluminum to reduce chlorine gas generation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If battery powder is dissolved in hydrochloric acid using conventional methods, then the dissolution process can be completed, but the amount of battery powder that can be dissolved in a single treatment is small, resulting in poor workability
Solution Approach 1:
The dissolution process is divided into two distinct stages: (1) suspension stage where battery powder is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid (50-150 g/L) at high solid-to-liquid ratio to form a suspension, and (2) dissolution stage where concentrated hydrochloric acid (300-350 g/L) is added to the suspension to complete the dissolution. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently, enabling large amounts of battery powder to be processed efficiently in a single treatment while maintaining good workability.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention dynamically adjusts the concentration parameter of hydrochloric acid during the process. Initially, dilute hydrochloric acid (50-150 g/L) is used for suspension formation, then concentrated hydrochloric acid (300-350 g/L) is added for efficient dissolution. This parameter change strategy allows the system to handle large quantities of battery powder while maintaining optimal dissolution conditions throughout the process, thereby improving both the quantity processed and the ease of operation.
2Quantity of substance
If the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride is more than 1000%, then the battery powder can be supplied in large amounts, but the battery powder is hardly suspended in hydrochloric acid
Solution Approach 1:
The invention controls the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride within the specific range of 250-1000% during the suspension stage. This parameter control ensures that sufficient battery powder can be supplied (improving quantity) while maintaining stable suspension characteristics (improving suspension stability). The lower bound of 250% prevents excessive concentration that would cause poor suspension, while the upper bound of 1000% allows maximum powder loading. This optimized parameter range resolves the contradiction between quantity and suspension stability.
3Stability of the object's composition
If the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride is less than 250%, then the suspension stability is improved, but chlorine gas is easily generated from the hydrochloric acid suspension
Solution Approach 1:
The invention maintains the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride within the range of 250-1000%, with a preference for 400-600%. This parameter range is carefully selected to balance two opposing requirements: sufficient powder concentration to minimize chlorine gas generation (harmful factor reduction) while maintaining adequate suspension stability. By optimizing this parameter, the system achieves both goals simultaneously - the lower bound of 250% prevents excessive chlorine gas generation, while the upper bound of 1000% maintains suspension stability.
4Productivity
If the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride is more than 200%, then the dissolution efficiency is improved, but valuable metals in the battery powder cannot be completely dissolved
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs a continuous dissolution process where concentrated hydrochloric acid is gradually added to the suspension in multiple stages. This continuous action ensures that the dissolution reaction proceeds completely, allowing valuable metals to be fully extracted even when the initial mass ratio is high (250-1000%). The gradual addition of acid maintains optimal local concentrations throughout the process, preventing incomplete dissolution while sustaining high productivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses parameter changes by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (300-350 g/L) to the initial suspension in controlled amounts. This dynamic parameter adjustment ensures that the local acid concentration remains optimal for complete dissolution of valuable metals, even when the overall mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride is high (250-1000%). The parameter change strategy allows the system to achieve both high dissolution efficiency and complete metal extraction.
5Speed
If the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride is less than 50%, then the dissolution reaction proceeds quickly, but an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid remains after dissolution, increasing the amount of base required for neutralization
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the mass ratio of battery powder to hydrogen chloride within the range of 250-1000%, which represents a balanced parameter range. This optimized ratio ensures that sufficient hydrochloric acid is consumed by the battery powder during dissolution, minimizing the amount of excess acid that would require neutralization. At the same time, the ratio is not so high as to slow down the reaction speed significantly. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction between reaction speed and base consumption by finding the optimal balance point.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly increases the amount of battery powder that can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid per treatment, enhances workability, and reduces chlorine gas production, while maintaining control over the dissolution reaction under mild conditions.
Implementation Method 1
battery powder containing valuable metals obtained from waste lithium batteries is dissolved in hydrochloric acid
Implementation Method 2
dissolved in hydrochloric acid to leach the valuable metal with hydrochloric acid
Implementation Method 3
stirring to provide a hydrochloric acid suspension of the battery powder
Data Source
AI summary
The method for dissolving battery powder in hydrochloric acid according to the present invention includes: stirring battery powder containing valuable metals obtained from waste lithium batteries in hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 50 to 150 g/L at a mass ratio of 250 to 1000% relative to hydrogen chloride in the hydrochloric acid to provide a hydrochloric acid suspension of the battery powder; and adding a predetermined amount of hydrochloric acid to the hydrochloric acid suspension to set the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the hydrochloric acid suspension to 150 to 350 g/L, and then adjusting and stirring the hydrochloric acid suspension such that the proportion of battery powder in the hydrochloric acid suspension to a mass ratio of 50 to 200% relative to hydrogen chloride in the hydrochloric acid suspension to provide a hydrochloric acid solution of the battery powder.