All-solid-state battery protective layer for lithium dendrite suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
All-solid-state batteries face issues with non-uniform lithium deposition due to the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector, leading to lithium dendrite formation and potential short circuits, which affects their lifespan, charge/discharge rate, and safety.
Innovation Solution
A protective layer comprising a metal sulfide and a metal, incapable and capable of alloying with lithium respectively, is introduced between the anode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer, facilitating uniform lithium deposition and ion movement, thereby suppressing dendrite growth. The layer includes compounds like MoSx and metals such as Ag, Sn, and Zn, with specific particle size and weight ratios, and is coated with binders like PVDF for stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If only the anode current collector is used, then the device complexity is reduced, but lithium deposition becomes non-uniform and lithium dendrites form
Solution Approach 1:
A protective layer comprising metal sulfide particles and metal particles is introduced as an intermediary between the anode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer. This protective layer acts as a mediator that promotes uniform lithium ion distribution and deposition, preventing dendrite formation while maintaining structural simplicity. The protective layer includes metal sulfide particles ( incapable of alloying with lithium) and metal particles (capable of alloying with lithium) in specific weight ratios to achieve optimal performance.
2Reliability
If a protective layer is added to ensure uniform lithium deposition, then lithium dendrite formation is suppressed, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The protective layer is constructed as a composite material system comprising metal sulfide particles and metal particles in specific weight ratios (metal sulfide: 5-50 wt%, metal: 50-95 wt%). This composite structure combines the advantages of both materials: metal sulfide particles provide structural stability and prevent alloying reactions, while metal particles facilitate uniform lithium deposition. The composite approach achieves effective dendrite suppression without requiring complex multi-layer structures.
3Ease of manufacture
If the solid electrolyte layer directly contacts the anode current collector, then the manufacturing process is simplified, but charge/discharge rate decreases due to non-uniform lithium ion movement
Solution Approach 1:
The protective layer introduces local quality variations at the interface between the anode current collector and solid electrolyte layer. By distributing metal sulfide particles and metal particles with specific properties throughout the protective layer, the system creates localized regions that facilitate uniform lithium ion movement and deposition. This local optimization of the interface structure enhances charge/discharge rate without complicating the overall manufacturing process, as the protective layer can be applied as a single coating step.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively suppresses lithium dendrite formation, enhances the battery's lifespan and charge/discharge rate, and allows operation across a wide temperature range, ensuring stable and efficient energy storage.
Implementation Method 1
The protective layer is physically and chemically nonreactive with the solid electrolyte and has an ability to conduct lithium ions
Implementation Method 2
the lithium ions are deposited on the anode current collector as the form of lithium metal through an electrochemical reduction reaction with electrons from the anode current collector
Implementation Method 3
lithium is not uniformly deposited and stored because of the non-uniform interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector. Specifically, lithium deposition starts only in the space where the solid electrolyte layer and the anode current collector are in physical contact with each other
Data Source
AI summary
An all-solid-state battery and a method of manufacturing such a battery are disclosed. The battery includes a protective layer including a metal sulfide and thus is capable of suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites and is improved in performance aspects such as lifespan, charge/discharge rate, and the like.