Battery Rack Fire Water Bracket Structure for Thermal Runaway
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery racks lack effective solutions to prevent heat propagation from thermal runaway in battery modules, posing a safety risk and requiring a method to quickly extinguish fires and enhance structural rigidity.
Innovation Solution
A battery rack design featuring a fire extinguishing water supply unit with nozzles connected to a pipe along the rack case, supported by a double bracket structure that includes venting holes to manage heat and external impacts, and a sealing member to prevent water leakage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a conventional battery rack structure is used, then the device complexity is low, but the reliability is insufficient due to inability to prevent heat propagation from thermal runaway
Solution Approach 1:
The battery rack divides battery modules into isolated compartments with thermal insulation barriers between them. This segmentation prevents heat propagation from one module to adjacent modules, containing thermal runaway events within individual compartments while maintaining overall system reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The rack structure incorporates pre-installed thermal insulation barriers and fire-resistant materials during manufacturing. These protective measures are prepared in advance before thermal runaway occurs, enabling immediate containment when temperature anomalies arise without requiring additional active intervention.
2Reliability
If thermal insulation barriers are added to prevent heat propagation, then the reliability improves, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Thermal insulation barriers are strategically positioned only at critical interfaces between battery modules where heat propagation risk is highest. This localized approach provides effective thermal containment while minimizing the overall complexity and material usage compared to complete insulation of the entire rack structure.
3Strength
If a simple bracket structure is used, then the device complexity is low, but the strength is insufficient to protect from external impacts
Solution Approach 1:
The bracket structure combines high-strength steel components with energy-absorbing polymer elements to create a composite support system. This composite design provides superior impact resistance and structural strength while maintaining reasonable complexity through the integration of materials with complementary mechanical properties.
4Reliability
If fire extinguishing nozzles are installed in battery modules, then the reliability improves for fire suppression, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing nozzles are integrated with the existing cooling system infrastructure of the battery rack. The same fluid distribution network serves both thermal management during normal operation and fire suppression during emergencies, eliminating the need for separate dedicated fire suppression piping and reducing overall system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents heat propagation and external damage by quickly injecting extinguishing water and enhancing structural rigidity, ensuring safer operation and protection against thermal runaway.
Implementation Method 1
fire extinguishing water nozzles connected to the fire extinguishing water pipe and mounted through the plurality of battery modules
Implementation Method 2
The first bracket may have a plurality of venting holes disposed opposite to the plurality of fire extinguishing water nozzles
Data Source
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AI summary
Disclosed is a battery rack, which includes a plurality of battery modules respectively having at least one battery cell, a rack case configured to accommodate the plurality of battery modules, a fire extinguishing water supply unit disposed at the rear of the rack case and connected to the plurality of battery modules, and a bracket unit configured to cover the fire extinguishing water supply unit and disposed at the rear of the rack case.