Battery Rack Protection Circuit and BMS Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage systems face challenges in efficiently managing and stabilizing power distribution between renewable energy sources, grid power, and loads, particularly during abnormal conditions like power failures, due to limitations in protection and management circuits.
Innovation Solution
A battery system with a rack protection circuit and battery management system (BMS) that selectively connects and disconnects battery racks from input/output terminals, and an integrated protection circuit that communicates with sub-battery systems to control power flow and prevent damage, ensuring stable charging and discharging operations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If the BMS is integrated into the current path for comprehensive monitoring, then measurement precision is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to exposure to high current and voltage
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the BMS into separate functional modules: a control unit that remains isolated from high current paths and processes control signals, and separate sensing circuits that measure electrical parameters. This segmentation allows the main BMS logic to operate reliably while still achieving comprehensive monitoring through coordinated sensing modules.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces isolated sensing circuits and signal conditioning stages as intermediaries between the high current environment and the BMS control unit. These intermediaries transfer measurement data without exposing the main control logic to harmful electrical conditions, thus maintaining both measurement accuracy and system reliability.
2Reliability
If protection circuits are added to stabilize power distribution, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple protection functions (overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, short-circuit protection) into a single integrated protection circuit module that works in coordination with the BMS. This merging approach provides comprehensive power distribution stability while avoiding the complexity of multiple separate protection circuits.
Solution Approach 2:
The protection circuit is designed with multi-functionality, serving as both a protection mechanism and a monitoring system. The same circuit components perform multiple functions: detecting abnormal conditions, generating protection signals, and providing system status information, thereby reducing overall system complexity while maintaining high reliability.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system including a stably operating battery management unit and an energy storage system including the battery system is disclosed. The battery system includes a battery rack configured to store and provide power, a rack protection circuit configured to selectively connect and disconnect the battery rack to and from the input/output terminal, and a rack battery management system (BMS) configured to communicate with the battery rack and with the rack protection circuit. The rack BMS receives data from the battery rack and generates control signals for the rack protection circuit. In addition, the rack protection circuit includes a current path between the battery rack and the input/output terminal, and the rack BMS is excluded from the current path.