Battery Thermal Runaway Prediction from Self-Heating vs Heat Transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hot box tests for lithium-ion batteries are costly, time-consuming, and difficult to repeat, especially for small sample sizes, and cannot accurately determine the safety boundary of batteries under various abuse conditions, such as thermal, mechanical, and electrical abuse.
Innovation Solution
A battery thermal runaway prediction method that compares the battery's self-heating rate with the heat transfer rate from a hot box, using DSC tests to calculate kinetic parameters and determine the thermal runaway starting temperatures, allowing for the assessment of safety boundaries without the need for extensive hot box testing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hot box test is used to assess battery safety, then safety assessment can be performed, but test cost and time increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary DSC tests on battery materials to obtain kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor) before conducting hot box tests. This preliminary characterization allows the establishment of thermal runaway prediction models that can estimate safety boundaries without requiring extensive hot box testing, thereby reducing the time and cost of actual safety assessment while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a theoretical prediction model that copies the essential thermal behavior characteristics from DSC test data. Instead of relying solely on expensive and time-consuming hot box tests, the model replicates the thermal runaway behavior through mathematical relationships based on kinetic parameters, enabling safety assessment with significantly reduced testing requirements
2Reliability
If hot box test is used to assess battery safety, then safety boundary can be evaluated, but test cost and manufacturing cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary DSC tests on battery materials to obtain kinetic parameters (activation energy, pre-exponential factor) before conducting hot box tests. This preliminary characterization allows the establishment of thermal runaway prediction models that can estimate safety boundaries without requiring extensive hot box testing, thereby reducing the time and cost of actual safety assessment while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a theoretical prediction model that copies the essential thermal behavior characteristics from DSC test data. Instead of relying solely on expensive and time-consuming hot box tests, the model replicates the thermal runaway behavior through mathematical relationships based on kinetic parameters, enabling safety assessment with significantly reduced testing requirements
3Productivity
If hot box test is used with small sample size, then test efficiency improves, but test repeatability becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops a self-contained prediction model that uses intrinsic kinetic parameters obtained from DSC tests to predict thermal runaway behavior. The model serves itself by using the mathematical relationships between kinetic parameters and thermal runaway characteristics to provide repeatable results without requiring repeated hot box tests, thus maintaining both efficiency and repeatability even with small sample sizes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms the assessment approach by changing from direct thermal runaway observation (hot box test) to kinetic parameter analysis (DSC test). By measuring activation energy and pre-exponential factor through DSC tests and using these parameters in prediction models, the method achieves high repeatability with small samples while maintaining test efficiency
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method effectively replaces traditional hot box testing by accurately determining safety boundaries, reducing testing costs and time, and enabling safer battery assessment with fewer samples, while providing a quick and simple characterization of battery safety.
Implementation Method 1
a battery self-heating rate K1 is greater than a rate K2 of heat transfer from a hot box to an interior of a battery, thermal runaway occurs
Implementation Method 2
a rate K2 of heat transfer from a hot box to an interior of a battery
Implementation Method 3
heat transfer from a hot box to an interior of a battery
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are a battery thermal runaway prediction method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. The battery thermal runaway prediction method includes: when a hot box temperature T, a battery self-heating starting temperature T1 and a thermal runaway starting temperature T2 satisfy T1<T<T2, if a battery self-heating rate K1 is greater than a rate K2 of heat transfer from a hot box to an interior of a battery, thermal runaway occurring at a surface of the battery first; and if the battery self-heating rate K1 is less than the rate K2 of heat transfer from the hot box to the interior of the battery, thermal runaway occurring first when self-produced heat inside the battery accumulates to a limit value, and thermal runaway not occurring when the self-produced heat inside the battery has not accumulated to the limit value. The battery thermal runaway prediction method can replace a hot box test method to effectively assess safety of a battery and accurately acquire a safe boundary of a battery hot box test. Besides, test cost is low, and a test period is short.