Battery Cell Voltage Sensing Line Protection Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery systems face emergencies such as heat generation, smoke generation, or ignition due to short circuits between cell voltage sensing lines, which current methods using fuses fail to fully prevent, especially when reverse voltages are applied to the balancing resistor in the battery management system.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating emergency preventing switches connected in series with the fuses between the cell voltage sensing lines and the battery management system, these switches are designed to turn off when a short circuit occurs, preventing reverse voltage application by sequencing their activation based on voltage potentials, and adjusting fuse blowing times to ensure no excessive current flows through the balancing resistor.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If fuses are connected to cell voltage sensing lines to cut off excessive current, then short circuit protection is provided, but reverse voltage still applies to the battery management system causing emergencies
Solution Approach 1:
The emergency preventing switch is configured to turn off before the fuse blows by setting its turn-off voltage threshold higher than the fuse's blowing voltage. This preliminary action isolates the battery management system from reverse voltage before the fuse can blow, preventing damage to the battery management system while still allowing the fuse to protect against excessive current.
Solution Approach 2:
The emergency preventing switch acts as an intermediary protective device between the cell voltage sensing line and the battery management system. It selectively blocks reverse voltage based on voltage threshold comparison, allowing normal operation while preventing harmful reverse voltage from reaching the battery management system.
2Reliability
If emergency preventing switches are added to prevent reverse voltage, then battery management system safety is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The emergency preventing switch uses voltage comparison to automatically determine when to turn off, eliminating the need for complex control circuits. The switch self-regulates based on the voltage difference between cell voltage sensing lines, providing intelligent protection without adding complex control logic.
Solution Approach 2:
The emergency preventing switch changes its electrical state (on/off) based on voltage parameter thresholds. By monitoring voltage differences and switching at predetermined thresholds, the device provides adaptive protection that responds to actual operating conditions without requiring complex control systems.
3Ease of manufacture
If fuses with same specifications are used, then manufacturing is simplified, but it is impossible to determine which fuse blows first during short circuit
Solution Approach 1:
Different fuses are assigned different voltage thresholds for their corresponding emergency preventing switches, creating an asymmetric protection scheme. This allows the system to selectively isolate different parts of the battery management system based on which cell voltage sensing line experiences a short circuit, enabling location identification while maintaining standardized fuse specifications.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system according to the present invention includes: a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other; cell voltage sensing lines connected to ends of the battery cells, respectively; a battery management system sensing voltages of the battery cells through the respective cell voltage sensing lines; fuses connected to the cell voltage sensing lines, respectively, to cut off a flow of an excessive current exceeding a rated current when the excessive current flows through the cell voltage sensing lines; and emergency preventing switches connected to the cell voltage sensing lines, respectively, so as to be turned on at the time of sensing the voltage of the battery cell, and turned off in a case when a short circuit between the cell voltage sensing lines occurs.