Alkaline Battery Separator Pore Control for Dendrite Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Alkaline battery separators face challenges with processability, mechanical characteristics, and cost due to low basis weight, leading to poor drop resistance and increased risk of short circuits from dendrite generation, necessitating a separator with controlled pore size and improved barrier properties.

Innovation Solution

A blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose derivative, such as Tencel, with controlled pore size is developed, where the cellulose is highly fibrillated and combined with PVA, achieving a predetermined pore size for enhanced mechanical integrity and ion transport in alkaline batteries.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Weight of moving object

If low basis weight separator is used to reduce weight and increase active material, then space savings and discharge performance are improved, but mechanical strength and drop resistance deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveseparator weightVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining PVA fibers with cellulose or cellulose derivatives in a blended separator structure. This composite approach allows the separator to achieve both low basis weight and adequate mechanical strength through the synergistic properties of different fiber materials, resolving the contradiction between weight reduction and strength maintenance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes porous materials with controlled porosity (30-70%) and specific pore size (1-10 μm) to optimize both weight and mechanical properties. The controlled pore structure provides sufficient mechanical integrity while maintaining low basis weight, enabling the separator to withstand mechanical stresses despite reduced material quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

2Weight of moving object

If low count fibers are used to reduce basis weight, then space for active material increases, but processability and mechanical characteristics worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebasis weightVSAvoidprocessability
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing fiber count, fiber length, and porosity parameters within specific ranges. By controlling these parameters, the separator achieves low basis weight while maintaining processability during manufacturing and adequate mechanical characteristics in the final battery product.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If separator porosity is increased to improve ion transport, then ionic conductivity improves, but mechanical integrity and barrier properties worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveion transport efficiencyVSAvoidmechanical integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies porous materials with controlled pore size (1-10 μm) and porosity (30-70%) to achieve optimal balance between ion transport and mechanical integrity. The controlled pore structure provides sufficient pathways for ion conduction while maintaining the mechanical strength needed to prevent dendrite penetration and short circuits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

4Productivity

If basis weight is reduced to enhance discharge performance, then space for active material increases, but barrier properties and dendrite resistance deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedischarge performanceVSAvoidbarrier property
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials combining PVA and cellulose derivatives to achieve low basis weight with enhanced barrier properties. The composite structure provides sufficient mechanical and chemical resistance to prevent dendrite formation and short circuits, even at reduced basis weight, thereby maintaining reliability while improving discharge performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes porous materials with optimized pore size (1-10 μm) and porosity (30-70%) to create an effective barrier against dendrites. The controlled pore structure physically blocks dendrite penetration while allowing efficient ion transport, maintaining barrier properties despite reduced basis weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides alkaline battery separators with improved mechanical strength, reduced risk of short circuits, and cost-effective production by maintaining consistent porosity and tortuosity, allowing for efficient ion transport and enhanced discharge performance.

Implementation Method 1

Separators should have good mechanical integrity, chemical inertness, well-defined and consistent porosity and tortuosity in order to uniformly transport the ions between the electrodes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic transport: Ion Repulsion/Attraction

Implementation Method 2

cellulose and its derivatives support absorption properties

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 3

Separator papers for alkaline batteries serve as a mechanical barrier between the electrodes to prevent shorting while allowing for ionic transport through the electrolyte in the pores

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Data Source

PatentUS11811086B2Alkaline battery separators having controlled pore size
Publication Date: 2023.11.07 MATIV HLDG INC

AI summary

An alkaline battery separator is made from a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and a cellulose derivative, and has a controlled pore size.