Battery Cell Shell Venting Groove for Blockage-Resistant Pressure Relief
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery cell pressure relief mechanisms are often blocked when multiple cells are stacked, leading to untimely pressure relief and safety risks due to limited gap spaces, resulting in potential fires or explosions.
Innovation Solution
A shell design with a peripheral wall featuring a pressure relief groove that includes a first, second, and third groove, angled between 45° and 90°, allowing the pressure relief portion to tilt and open obliquely, increasing the pressure relief area and rate without occupying external space, and potentially arranging multiple pressure relief grooves to enhance discharge efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional pressure relief mechanisms are used in stacked battery cells, then the structure is simple, but the pressure relief area is limited and blockage risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure relief groove is designed with a three-dimensional tilted structure rather than a traditional planar configuration. The groove extends along the axial direction of the battery cell with a specific tilt angle, creating a spatial pressure relief path that increases the effective relief area without occupying additional external space, thereby resolving the contradiction between limited area and reliability requirements
Solution Approach 2:
The pressure relief groove is segmented into multiple sections along the axial direction, with each section contributing to the overall pressure relief capability. This segmentation allows the pressure to be relieved through multiple distributed paths rather than a single point, increasing the total pressure relief area and reducing blockage risk while maintaining structural simplicity
2Reliability
If the pressure relief portion opens to a greater extent, then the pressure relief area increases, but the occupation of external space increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure relief groove utilizes the axial dimension of the battery cell to create a tilted pressure relief path. By extending the groove along the axial direction with a tilt angle between 45°-90°, the design achieves greater pressure relief area within the existing cylindrical volume, avoiding the need for additional external space while maintaining high pressure relief rate
Solution Approach 2:
The tilted pressure relief groove structure is nested within the existing battery cell shell structure. The groove is formed as an integral part of the shell, utilizing the internal volume of the cell rather than requiring external expansion, thereby achieving increased pressure relief capability without increasing the overall cell dimensions
3Reliability
If multiple pressure relief grooves are arranged, then the pressure relief rate increases, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure relief system is segmented into multiple grooves distributed along the axial direction of the battery cell. Each groove functions as an independent pressure relief path, and their collective arrangement increases the overall pressure relief efficiency without requiring complex control mechanisms, achieving high reliability through simple distributed geometry
Solution Approach 2:
The tilted pressure relief groove design serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides pressure relief paths, defines the pressure relief portion geometry, and controls the opening direction. This multi-functionality allows multiple grooves to be arranged with enhanced efficiency while avoiding additional complexity from separate control systems for each groove
Data Source
AI summary
A shell includes a peripheral wall and a pressure relief groove. The peripheral wall extends in a first direction and has a pressure relief portion, and the pressure relief portion is configured to flip and open towards an outside of the shell when a pressure or temperature inside the shell reaches a threshold, so as to release the pressure inside the shell. The pressure relief groove is disposed on the peripheral wall, and the pressure relief groove includes a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove, where the first groove is opposite to the third groove, and the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove are sequentially connected to jointly confine a pressure relief portion. An angle α between an extension direction of the first groove and the first direction satisfies: 45°≤α<90°.